Fauna diversity in Madracis spp. coral patches in the Colombian Caribbean

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Cedeño–Posso, C., Polanco F., A., Borrero–Pérez, G. H., Montoya–Cadavid, E., Flórez, P., Yepes–Narváez, V., Cárdenas–Oliva, A., Benavides–Serrato, M., Gracia C., A., Santodomingo, N., 2023. Fauna diversity in Madracis spp. coral patches in the Colombian Caribbean. Checklist. Doi:

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關鍵字

Marine Protected Area; Benthic; Deep-sea corals; Macrofauna; Megafauna; New records; checklist

聯絡資訊

地理涵蓋範圍

The CPNNP is located in the Colombian Caribbean (fig. 1) on the continental margin off the Gulf of Morrosquillo and the Archipelago of San Bernardo, approximately 12 km from one of the areas with major development of shallow-water coral reefs in Colombia, Corales del Rosario y de San Bernardo National Natural Park, and 32 km from the nearest point on the continent (Barú Peninsula). The area is characterized by a strong influence of continental inputs, relatively transparent waters, and large mosaics combining bio-clastic sediment plains and extensive development of coral reefs (Díaz et al., 2000).

分類群涵蓋範圍

無相關描述

時間涵蓋範圍

計畫資料

Like their analogs from shallow waters, deep-sea coral communities are a reservoir of ecological, biological and chemical resources and home to a great biodiversity, including species of commercial interest and potential new species for science (Roberts et al., 2009). In the Caribbean region, knowledge of this valuable ecosystem remains understudied, and vast areas are still unexplored (Lutz and Ginsburg, 2007; Hernández-Ávila, 2014). Due to their vulnerability to environmental disturbances and anthropogenic activities, several global efforts have been oriented to protect and study these unique habitats (Fuller et al., 2008; Hourigan, 2009; Zimmerman et al., 2020). The Corales de Profundidad National Natural Park (CPNNP) was declared by the Resolution 0339 of 2013 (MADS 2013) according to IUCN category II, and hosts one of the three deep-sea corals areas identified in the Colombian Caribbean (Reyes et al., 2005; Flórez and Santodomingo, 2010; Santodomingo et al., 2013; Alonso et al., 2021). The highly diverse communities that inhabit the CPNNP are mainly supported by habitat-forming species of Madracis (Santodomingo et al., 2007). In 2001 these communities were accidentally discovered during the “Macrofauna II” expeditions using epibenthic trawl nets (Reyes et al., 2005). The area was later mapped and characterized in 2005 during the “Marcoral” expedition, using Van Veen dredge and rock dredges (Santodomingo et al., 2007, 2013). Detailed maps, the first footage and the description of macro-habitats were obtained using ROV and multipurpose drift-cam (CADEM) during the expeditions carried out in 2015 (Alonso et al., 2015, Cedeño-Posso et al., 2022) and 2016 in campaigns “PNN Corales de Profundidad” and “PNN Madracis”, respectively. During the campaign PNN Corales de Profundidad (2015), eleven areas of potential development of Madracis were explored and mapped using a digital elevation model of bathymetry and ROV surveys. Madracis colonies were observed in five of the eleven areas surveyed. However, Madracis corals thrive and sustain a large concentration of marine fauna only in two of the areas, both in the southwest where they were discovered (Santodomingo et al., 2007) (Alonso et al., 2015; Cedeño-Posso et al., 2022). These two coral patches were targeted for additional multipurpose drift-cam surveys during the PNN Madracis expedition in 2016. This paper describes and summarizes the state-of-the art of the biodiversity associated with these Madracis spp. coral patches. Here, we integrate the information obtained in four expeditions using several methods in order to provide a physical description of the patches, their distribution, and an inventory of cnidarians, mollusks, bryozoans, brachiopods, annelids, arthropods, echinoderms and fishes that inhabit these important deep-sea coral communities in the CPNNP.

取樣方法

The work circumscribed biodiversity data where Madracis coral patches occur southwest of the CPNNP, at depths of 107 and 230 m. These patches are located within the coordinates 9° 46' 18.208" N - 9° 50' 33.101" N and 76° 11' 10.099'' W - 76° 14' 39.688'' W (fig. 1). Madracis colonies have been identified as a species complex that includes M. myriaster (the most abundant), M. asperula and M. brueggemanni (Santodomingo et al., 2007) (fig. 2) given the difficulty to differentiate M. myriaster from its sister species M. brueggemanni (Ballesteros-Contreras et al., 2022). According to the digital elevation model (DEM), they are on a moderate slope between 4º to 11º in the transition between the continental shelf and the shelf-break scarp, probably covered by recent sediment flows, and over a sliding crown (Santodomingo et al., 2007; Morales et al., 2017). Biodiversity data were compiled from four research expeditions carried out in the southwest area of the CPNNP (table 1): (1) “Macrofauna II” (2001), a baseline survey on soft bottoms in the Colombian Caribbean with collections made with an epibenthic trawl net (9 × 1 m opening; 3 knots for 10 min) (fig. 3A) (Reyes et al., 2005). (2) “Marcoral'' expedition (2005), a study for mapping and characterizing the occurrence of Madracis corals using a single-beam echo sounder, collections with a Van Veen dredge (60 l, 0.03 m2) (fig. 3B) and a heavy-chained rocky dredge (1 × 0.4 m opening; 1.5 knots for 5 min) (Santodomingo et al., 2007; Santodomingo et al., 2013). (3) “PNN Corales Profundidad'' expedition (2015), to perform detailed geomorphological mapping (Morales et al., 2017) supported by the first footage obtained using ROV Diavolo II (fig. 3C) with a front camera (¼′′ CCD 380 I TV-lines, 0.1 Lux/F = 1.2) and 10 cm parallel lasers for scale. Positioning was estimated using an ultra-short baseline (USBL) mounted on the vehicle (Cedeño-Posso et al., 2002). (4) “PNN Madracis” expedition (2016), a complementary expedition for sampling areas using a multipurpose drift-cam (CADEM) with a modified Van Veen grab (0.066 m2) to collect samples of sediments (fig. 3D). The drift-cam incorporates high-definition cameras capable of acquiring color images with 61° range, 120x zoom and 2200 lumen LED lights, both with titanium casing resistant up to 4000 m depth, a multimedia tracking console, and adaptable protection cages for different environments.

方法步驟描述:

1. Coordinates and sampling methods for the 14 stations analyzed in this review are summarized in table 1.

引用文獻

1. Cedeño–Posso, C., Polanco F., A., Borrero–Pérez, G. H., Montoya–Cadavid, E., Flórez, P., Yepes–Narváez, V., Cárdenas–Oliva, A., Benavides–Serrato, M., Gracia C., A., Santodomingo, N., 2023. Fauna diversity in Madracis spp. coral patches in the Colombian Caribbean. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 21: 105–128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.32800/amz.2023.21.0105 https://doi.org/10.32800/amz.2023.21.0105

額外的詮釋資料