Descripción
Madracis coral patches are the main deep-sea framework builder observed on the shelf-break scarp of the Colombian Caribbean, at between 107 and 230 m depth. The Marine Protected Area, Corales de Profundidad National Natural Park, was established in 2013 to protect a site of high biodiversity associated with Madracis communities. Our research summarizes the advances in knowledge of its biodiversity as the result of four expeditions and offers insights into the state of its associated fauna. Madracis colonies occur in five areas of the park but corals thrive and build coral patches in only two of the five, both in the southwest area, Madracis. Our surveys have resulted in the inventory of 337 species. Mollusca (116) dominated the fauna, followed by Bryozoa (70), Cnidaria (50), Echinodermata (39), Arthropoda (14), Annelida (13), Brachiopoda (3), and Chordata (32 fishes). Store voucher specimens at the Museo de Historia Natural Marina de Colombia – Makuriwa and metadata are available online in the SiBM database.
Registros
Los datos en este recurso de lista de chequeo han sido publicados como Archivo Darwin Core(DwC-A), el cual es un formato estándar para compartir datos de biodiversidad como un conjunto de una o más tablas de datos. La tabla de datos del core contiene 336 registros.
Este IPT archiva los datos y, por lo tanto, sirve como repositorio de datos. Los datos y los metadatos del recurso están disponibles para su descarga en la sección descargas. La tabla versiones enumera otras versiones del recurso que se han puesto a disposición del público y permite seguir los cambios realizados en el recurso a lo largo del tiempo.
Versiones
La siguiente tabla muestra sólo las versiones publicadas del recurso que son de acceso público.
¿Cómo referenciar?
Los usuarios deben citar este trabajo de la siguiente manera:
Cedeño–Posso, C., Polanco F., A., Borrero–Pérez, G. H., Montoya–Cadavid, E., Flórez, P., Yepes–Narváez, V., Cárdenas–Oliva, A., Benavides–Serrato, M., Gracia C., A., Santodomingo, N., 2023. Fauna diversity in Madracis spp. coral patches in the Colombian Caribbean. Checklist. Doi:
Derechos
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El publicador y propietario de los derechos de este trabajo es Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona. Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons de Atribución/Reconocimiento (CC-BY 4.0).
Registro GBIF
Este recurso ha sido registrado en GBIF con el siguiente UUID: a74fb0ac-daf4-4bf1-9ca7-6d3d5ccd74cb. Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona publica este recurso y está registrado en GBIF como un publicador de datos avalado por GBIF Spain.
Palabras clave
Marine Protected Area; Benthic; Deep-sea corals; Macrofauna; Megafauna; New records; checklist
Contactos
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Cobertura geográfica
The CPNNP is located in the Colombian Caribbean (fig. 1) on the continental margin off the Gulf of Morrosquillo and the Archipelago of San Bernardo, approximately 12 km from one of the areas with major development of shallow-water coral reefs in Colombia, Corales del Rosario y de San Bernardo National Natural Park, and 32 km from the nearest point on the continent (Barú Peninsula). The area is characterized by a strong influence of continental inputs, relatively transparent waters, and large mosaics combining bio-clastic sediment plains and extensive development of coral reefs (Díaz et al., 2000).
| Coordenadas límite | Latitud Mínima Longitud Mínima [4,215, -80,332], Latitud Máxima Longitud Máxima [13,069, -72,598] |
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Cobertura taxonómica
No hay descripción disponible
| Filo | Cnidaria, Bryozoa, Brachiopoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata |
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| Class | Anthozoa, Hydrozoa, Stenolaemata, Gymnolaemata, Rhynchonellata, Clitellata, Polychaeta, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Malacostraca, Crinoidea, Ophiuroidea, Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Actinopterygii |
Cobertura temporal
| Fecha Inicial / Fecha Final | 2015-01-01 / 2016-12-31 |
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Datos del proyecto
Like their analogs from shallow waters, deep-sea coral communities are a reservoir of ecological, biological and chemical resources and home to a great biodiversity, including species of commercial interest and potential new species for science (Roberts et al., 2009). In the Caribbean region, knowledge of this valuable ecosystem remains understudied, and vast areas are still unexplored (Lutz and Ginsburg, 2007; Hernández-Ávila, 2014). Due to their vulnerability to environmental disturbances and anthropogenic activities, several global efforts have been oriented to protect and study these unique habitats (Fuller et al., 2008; Hourigan, 2009; Zimmerman et al., 2020). The Corales de Profundidad National Natural Park (CPNNP) was declared by the Resolution 0339 of 2013 (MADS 2013) according to IUCN category II, and hosts one of the three deep-sea corals areas identified in the Colombian Caribbean (Reyes et al., 2005; Flórez and Santodomingo, 2010; Santodomingo et al., 2013; Alonso et al., 2021). The highly diverse communities that inhabit the CPNNP are mainly supported by habitat-forming species of Madracis (Santodomingo et al., 2007). In 2001 these communities were accidentally discovered during the “Macrofauna II” expeditions using epibenthic trawl nets (Reyes et al., 2005). The area was later mapped and characterized in 2005 during the “Marcoral” expedition, using Van Veen dredge and rock dredges (Santodomingo et al., 2007, 2013). Detailed maps, the first footage and the description of macro-habitats were obtained using ROV and multipurpose drift-cam (CADEM) during the expeditions carried out in 2015 (Alonso et al., 2015, Cedeño-Posso et al., 2022) and 2016 in campaigns “PNN Corales de Profundidad” and “PNN Madracis”, respectively. During the campaign PNN Corales de Profundidad (2015), eleven areas of potential development of Madracis were explored and mapped using a digital elevation model of bathymetry and ROV surveys. Madracis colonies were observed in five of the eleven areas surveyed. However, Madracis corals thrive and sustain a large concentration of marine fauna only in two of the areas, both in the southwest where they were discovered (Santodomingo et al., 2007) (Alonso et al., 2015; Cedeño-Posso et al., 2022). These two coral patches were targeted for additional multipurpose drift-cam surveys during the PNN Madracis expedition in 2016. This paper describes and summarizes the state-of-the art of the biodiversity associated with these Madracis spp. coral patches. Here, we integrate the information obtained in four expeditions using several methods in order to provide a physical description of the patches, their distribution, and an inventory of cnidarians, mollusks, bryozoans, brachiopods, annelids, arthropods, echinoderms and fishes that inhabit these important deep-sea coral communities in the CPNNP.
| Título | Fauna diversity in Madracis spp. coral patches in the Colombian Caribbean |
|---|---|
| Identificador | https://doi.org/10.32800/amz.2023.21.0105 |
| Descripción del área de estudio | The CPNNP is located in the Colombian Caribbean (fig. 1) on the continental margin off the Gulf of Morrosquillo and the Archipelago of San Bernardo, approximately 12 km from one of the areas with major development of shallow-water coral reefs in Colombia, Corales del Rosario y de San Bernardo National Natural Park, and 32 km from the nearest point on the continent (Barú Peninsula). The area is characterized by a strong influence of continental inputs, relatively transparent waters, and large mosaics combining bio-clastic sediment plains and extensive development of coral reefs (Díaz et al., 2000). |
| Descripción del diseño | The work circumscribed biodiversity data where Madracis coral patches occur southwest of the CPNNP, at depths of 107 and 230 m. These patches are located within the coordinates 9° 46' 18.208" N - 9° 50' 33.101" N and 76° 11' 10.099'' W - 76° 14' 39.688'' W (fig. 1). Madracis colonies have been identified as a species complex that includes M. myriaster (the most abundant), M. asperula and M. brueggemanni (Santodomingo et al., 2007) (fig. 2) given the difficulty to differentiate M. myriaster from its sister species M. brueggemanni (Ballesteros-Contreras et al., 2022). According to the digital elevation model (DEM), they are on a moderate slope between 4º to 11º in the transition between the continental shelf and the shelf-break scarp, probably covered by recent sediment flows, and over a sliding crown (Santodomingo et al., 2007; Morales et al., 2017). Biodiversity data were compiled from four research expeditions carried out in the southwest area of the CPNNP (table 1): (1) “Macrofauna II” (2001), a baseline survey on soft bottoms in the Colombian Caribbean with collections made with an epibenthic trawl net (9 × 1 m opening; 3 knots for 10 min) (fig. 3A) (Reyes et al., 2005). (2) “Marcoral'' expedition (2005), a study for mapping and characterizing the occurrence of Madracis corals using a single-beam echo sounder, collections with a Van Veen dredge (60 l, 0.03 m2) (fig. 3B) and a heavy-chained rocky dredge (1 × 0.4 m opening; 1.5 knots for 5 min) (Santodomingo et al., 2007; Santodomingo et al., 2013). (3) “PNN Corales Profundidad'' expedition (2015), to perform detailed geomorphological mapping (Morales et al., 2017) supported by the first footage obtained using ROV Diavolo II (fig. 3C) with a front camera (¼′′ CCD 380 I TV-lines, 0.1 Lux/F = 1.2) and 10 cm parallel lasers for scale. Positioning was estimated using an ultra-short baseline (USBL) mounted on the vehicle (Cedeño-Posso et al., 2002). (4) “PNN Madracis” expedition (2016), a complementary expedition for sampling areas using a multipurpose drift-cam (CADEM) with a modified Van Veen grab (0.066 m2) to collect samples of sediments (fig. 3D). The drift-cam incorporates high-definition cameras capable of acquiring color images with 61° range, 120x zoom and 2200 lumen LED lights, both with titanium casing resistant up to 4000 m depth, a multimedia tracking console, and adaptable protection cages for different environments. |
Métodos de muestreo
The work circumscribed biodiversity data where Madracis coral patches occur southwest of the CPNNP, at depths of 107 and 230 m. These patches are located within the coordinates 9° 46' 18.208" N - 9° 50' 33.101" N and 76° 11' 10.099'' W - 76° 14' 39.688'' W (fig. 1). Madracis colonies have been identified as a species complex that includes M. myriaster (the most abundant), M. asperula and M. brueggemanni (Santodomingo et al., 2007) (fig. 2) given the difficulty to differentiate M. myriaster from its sister species M. brueggemanni (Ballesteros-Contreras et al., 2022). According to the digital elevation model (DEM), they are on a moderate slope between 4º to 11º in the transition between the continental shelf and the shelf-break scarp, probably covered by recent sediment flows, and over a sliding crown (Santodomingo et al., 2007; Morales et al., 2017). Biodiversity data were compiled from four research expeditions carried out in the southwest area of the CPNNP (table 1): (1) “Macrofauna II” (2001), a baseline survey on soft bottoms in the Colombian Caribbean with collections made with an epibenthic trawl net (9 × 1 m opening; 3 knots for 10 min) (fig. 3A) (Reyes et al., 2005). (2) “Marcoral'' expedition (2005), a study for mapping and characterizing the occurrence of Madracis corals using a single-beam echo sounder, collections with a Van Veen dredge (60 l, 0.03 m2) (fig. 3B) and a heavy-chained rocky dredge (1 × 0.4 m opening; 1.5 knots for 5 min) (Santodomingo et al., 2007; Santodomingo et al., 2013). (3) “PNN Corales Profundidad'' expedition (2015), to perform detailed geomorphological mapping (Morales et al., 2017) supported by the first footage obtained using ROV Diavolo II (fig. 3C) with a front camera (¼′′ CCD 380 I TV-lines, 0.1 Lux/F = 1.2) and 10 cm parallel lasers for scale. Positioning was estimated using an ultra-short baseline (USBL) mounted on the vehicle (Cedeño-Posso et al., 2002). (4) “PNN Madracis” expedition (2016), a complementary expedition for sampling areas using a multipurpose drift-cam (CADEM) with a modified Van Veen grab (0.066 m2) to collect samples of sediments (fig. 3D). The drift-cam incorporates high-definition cameras capable of acquiring color images with 61° range, 120x zoom and 2200 lumen LED lights, both with titanium casing resistant up to 4000 m depth, a multimedia tracking console, and adaptable protection cages for different environments.
| Área de Estudio | The CPNNP is located in the Colombian Caribbean (fig. 1) on the continental margin off the Gulf of Morrosquillo and the Archipelago of San Bernardo, approximately 12 km from one of the areas with major development of shallow-water coral reefs in Colombia, Corales del Rosario y de San Bernardo National Natural Park, and 32 km from the nearest point on the continent (Barú Peninsula). The area is characterized by a strong influence of continental inputs, relatively transparent waters, and large mosaics combining bio-clastic sediment plains and extensive development of coral reefs (Díaz et al., 2000). |
|---|---|
| Control de Calidad | The quality of the videos (380 TV-lines) allowed recognition only of common taxa larger than 10 cm (cnidarians, crustaceans, echinoderms and fish), with exceptional cases of fauna > 5-10 cm such as cup corals with extended polyps and crustaceans. Biological samples that remained unsorted from Marcoral and PNN Madracis (Bryozoa and Annelida) were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Identifications were confirmed from videos based on specimens deposited in the collections of the Museo de Historia Natural Marina de Colombia (MHNMC) – Makuriwa of INVEMAR in Santa Marta, Colombia. Data quality controls were applied to the species previously identified in “Macrofauna II” and Marcoral campaigns through the validation of their current taxonomic status. Likewise, taxonomic levels higher than family were excluded from the analysis to avoid uncertain identifications and data duplicity, except for specimens identified in the orders Antipatharia, Comatulida and Ophiurida that correspond to unique specimens observed in the ROV videos. Consulted updated taxonomic identities and classifications in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS, 2022) and Eschmeyer´s Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al., 2020). All biological data and collections are available in SiBM and it stored voucher specimens at the Makuriwa Museum. Our analyses use the concept of species diversity in terms of species/morphospecies richness. Geo references for stations were verified by the Geographic Information Systems Laboratory of INVEMAR (LabSiG) through ArcGIS Desktop - ArcMap 10.6 (2018) Software. |
Descripción de la metodología paso a paso:
- Coordinates and sampling methods for the 14 stations analyzed in this review are summarized in table 1.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Cedeño–Posso, C., Polanco F., A., Borrero–Pérez, G. H., Montoya–Cadavid, E., Flórez, P., Yepes–Narváez, V., Cárdenas–Oliva, A., Benavides–Serrato, M., Gracia C., A., Santodomingo, N., 2023. Fauna diversity in Madracis spp. coral patches in the Colombian Caribbean. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 21: 105–128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.32800/amz.2023.21.0105 https://doi.org/10.32800/amz.2023.21.0105
Metadatos adicionales
| Identificadores alternativos | 10.15470/vqshir |
|---|---|
| a74fb0ac-daf4-4bf1-9ca7-6d3d5ccd74cb | |
| https://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=diversity_coral_patches_colombian_caribbean |