Dataset of occurrence and incidence of pine processionary moth in Andalusia (South Spain)

データ レコード

この sampling event リソース内のデータは、1 つまたは複数のデータ テーブルとして生物多様性データを共有するための標準化された形式であるダーウィン コア アーカイブ (DwC-A) として公開されています。 コア データ テーブルには、81,908 レコードが含まれています。

拡張データ テーブルは2 件存在しています。拡張レコードは、コアのレコードについての追加情報を提供するものです。 各拡張データ テーブル内のレコード数を以下に示します。

この IPT はデータをアーカイブし、データ リポジトリとして機能します。データとリソースのメタデータは、 ダウンロード セクションからダウンロードできます。 バージョン テーブルから公開可能な他のバージョンを閲覧でき、リソースに加えられた変更を知ることができます。

バージョン

次の表は、公にアクセス可能な公開バージョンのリソースのみ表示しています。

引用方法

研究者はこの研究内容を以下のように引用する必要があります。:

iEcolab, University of Granada-Andalusian Environmental Center (Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research) (2018) Dataset of occurrence and incidence of pine processionary moth in Andalusia (South Spain). v1. Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory. Andalusian Environmental Center, University of Granada, Regional Government of Andalusia. Contributed by Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio. Dataset/Samplingevent. http://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=coplas&v=1.0

権利

研究者は権利に関する下記ステートメントを尊重する必要があります。:

パブリッシャーとライセンス保持者権利者は Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory (UGR-JA)。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.

GBIF登録

このリソースをはGBIF と登録されており GBIF UUID: bb30e03a-b746-49e4-bab9-decbf27abdf1が割り当てられています。   GBIF Spain によって承認されたデータ パブリッシャーとして GBIF に登録されているSierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory (UGR-JA) が、このリソースをパブリッシュしました。

キーワード

Thaumetopoea pityocampa; forest pest; pine plantations; monitoring; degree of defoliation; Andalusia; Samplingevent

連絡先

地理的範囲

Andalusia is located in Southern Spain and covers around 87,597 km². This is a region characterized by great climate variability. Though the majority of the surface is classified as Mediterranean climate type (Csa, according to Köppen’s classification) (AEMET, 2011), there are other bioclimatic zones: subtropical (Mediterranean coast), oceanic (Atlantic coast), mountain (medium and high mountain areas in mountain ranges which reach 2000 m.a.s.l.), subcontinental (Guadalquivir Valley and part of oriental Andalusia) and subdesert (Southeast zone with coastal influence) (Junta de Andalucía, 2014). The altitude ranges from sea level to Sierra Nevada summits, where the highest peak reaches 3481 m.a.s.l. In reference to the forest area, it currently covers around 44,000 km² which entails just over half of the total region. The evolution through time has been as follows: in 1956 the forest extension meant 54.7% of the total territory; in 1989 it covered 53.1%; for 2003 it represented 52.6% of the total area of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía, 2010), while for 2007 it covered 4,455,681 ha (Gutiérrez-Hernández et al. 2016), which entails around 50.9%. Even though these percentages show that forest area has descended, it is true that wooded lands have increased, specifically coniferous formations, which encompass pine forests (Junta de Andalucía, 2010). These formations have increased intensely during the second half of the 20th century because of past reforestation projects (Gutiérrez-Hernández et al. 2016), mainly due to commercial value and general economic interest underlying the National Afforestation Plan of the 40s (Junta de Andalucía, 2011) or, on occasion, because of the willing to control the soil erosion. Afterwards, the presence of some pine species was promoted due to afforestation programs from European policies (Anaya-Romero et al. 2016). Expressed in figures, coniferous formations represented 7.8% of the forest area of Andalusia in the year 1956, in 1989 it covered 16.4% while in 2003 it decreased to 10.5% (Junta de Andalucía, 2010). This means that a high percentage of the pine woodlands in Andalusia are plantations or originally came from plantations. According to the Andalusian Forestry Plan of the year 1989, only 20% (151,900 ha) of the total pine woodlands (759,700 ha) were considered natural as a result of spontaneous repopulations from reforestations at the beginning of the century (Junta de Andalucía, 1989). The remaining 80% came from artificial reforestations. In this scenario, Thaumetopoea pityocampa has found a large surface for its activity producing an impact on forests because of defoliation. In the current context of climate change, information about forest pests gains importance because they can play a fundamental role affecting physiology of forest ecosystems (Gracia, 2005).

生物分類学的範囲

The whole dataset includes 81,908 records that describe the occurrence of a single species: Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiffermüller, 1776. The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa is one of the species that causes the most extensive impact to the Andalusian forests. Its typical distribution area, conditioned by climate, is associated with Mediterranean and Circum-Mediterranean regions (Battisti et al. 2015), mainly feeding on Pinus genus. That is explained to a big extent by minimum winter temperatures as larval stage takes place in winter (Buffo et al. 2007; Demolin, 1969; Hoch et al. 2009). Therefore, increasing winter temperatures favour this species and climate change is thus expected to increase the potential distribution of the species, which become a paradigmatic case study on the response of forest pests to climatic change (Netherer & Schopf, 2010). Indeed, reports already show presence, outbreaks and potential shifts of the species at higher altitudes and latitudes than before (Battisti, 2005; Pimentel et al. 2011). As a consequence of this, some research shows Thaumetopoea pityocampa as a threat to endemic pine forests (Hódar et al. 2003).

時間的範囲

プロジェクトデータ

Following European and national regulations, the Regional Ministry of Environment and Territorial Planning of Andalusian Regional Government implemented the Plan for Integrated Control Against the Pine Processionary Moth, which began in 1991. This Plan came into place aiming to assess the evolution of this pest and defining preventive and control measures. As part of that, a monitoring programme known as COPLAS was developed for assessing the annual level of damage caused by Thaumetopoea pityocampa in terms of occurrence and defoliation. According to the incidence of this species, the Plan considers different treatments to keep the pine processionary moth population below a certain threshold, for example, from manual treatment of the nests or pheromone traps to air treatments (Junta de Andalucía, 2013).

プロジェクトに携わる要員:

収集方法

The monitoring programme COPLAS was developed for assessing annual defoliation caused by this species on pines and counting of nests through human observation. For this programme, pine forests were divided into monitoring stands according to administrative and environmental criteria defined in the Plan for Integrated Control. Every year, these stands were visited by a forest officer at the end of the defoliating season (from end of winter to beginning of spring) who assigned a defoliation degree to the plot based on observation of the stand as a whole. The result was a scale ranging from 0 to 5 which represents the degree of infestation by the pine processionary moth: - Degree 0: None or some very scattered nests are observed through the stand. - Degree 1: Some nests are observed at the stand edges, in clear areas as well as isolated trees. - Degree 2: Numerous nests at the edges of the stand, in clear areas and some in the middle of the stand. - Degree 3: Partial defoliation at the stand edges and isolated trees. Abundant nests in the middle of the stand. - Degree 4: Very strong defoliations at the stand edges as well as isolated trees and partial defoliations in the rest of the stand. - Degree 5: Very strong defoliations throughout the stand. Since this defoliation assessment was used to define further management measures, this initial assessment could be checked and further adjusted by a technician when plots were assigned a degree equal or higher than 3.

Method step description:

1. All data were stored in a normalized database (PostgreSQL) and incorporated into the Information System of Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory (Pérez-Pérez et al. 2012). Taxonomic and spatial validations were made on this database (see Quality control description). A custom-made SQL view of the database was performed to gather occurrence data associated to sampling event and other variables associated with occurrence data, specifically, degree of infestation. The sampling event data, occurrence and measurement data were accommodated to fulfill the Darwin Core Standard (Wieczorek et al. 2009; 2012). We used Darwin Core Archive Validator tool (http://tools.gbif.org/dwca-validator/) to check whether the dataset meets Darwin Core specifications. The Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT v2.0.5) (Robertson et al. 2014) of the Spanish node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (http://ipt.gbif.es) was used both to upload the Darwin Core Archive and to fill out the metadata. The Darwin Core elements for the sampling event data included in the dataset are: eventID, modified, language, institutionCode, collectionCode, continent, country, countryCode, stateProvince, county, eventDate, habitat, minimumElevationInMeters, maximumElevationInMeters, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, geodeticDatum, coordinateUncertaintyInMeters, samplingProtocol, sampleSizeValue, sampleSizeUnit, footprintWKT. For the occurrence data are: occurrenceID, catalogNumber, eventID, eventDate, basisOfRecord, scientificName, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificNameAuthorship, associatedTaxa, recordedBy, occurrenceStatus. For the measurement data, the Darwin Core elements included were: measurementID, eventID, measurementType, measurementValue, measurementUnit, measurementDeterminedBy, measurementDeterminedDate, measurementMethod.

書誌情報の引用

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