Dataset of occurrence and incidence of pine processionary moth in Andalusia (South Spain)

資料紀錄

此資源sampling event的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案（DwC-A），其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。 核心資料表包含 81,908 筆紀錄。

亦存在 2 筆延伸集的資料表。延伸集中的紀錄補充核心集中紀錄的額外資訊。 每個延伸集資料表中資料筆數顯示如下。

此 IPT 存放資料以提供資料儲存庫服務。資料與資源的詮釋資料可由「下載」單元下載。「版本」表格列出此資源的其它公開版本，以便利追蹤其隨時間的變更。

版本

以下的表格只顯示可公開存取資源的已發布版本。

如何引用

研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:

iEcolab, University of Granada-Andalusian Environmental Center (Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research) (2018) Dataset of occurrence and incidence of pine processionary moth in Andalusia (South Spain). v1. Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory. Andalusian Environmental Center, University of Granada, Regional Government of Andalusia. Contributed by Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio. Dataset/Samplingevent. http://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=coplas&v=1.0

權利

研究者應尊重以下權利聲明。:

此資料的發布者及權利單位為 Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory (UGR-JA)。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.

GBIF 註冊

此資源已向GBIF註冊，並指定以下之GBIF UUID: bb30e03a-b746-49e4-bab9-decbf27abdf1。  Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory (UGR-JA) 發佈此資源，並經由GBIF Spain同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。

關鍵字

Thaumetopoea pityocampa; forest pest; pine plantations; monitoring; degree of defoliation; Andalusia; Samplingevent

聯絡資訊

地理涵蓋範圍

Andalusia is located in Southern Spain and covers around 87,597 km². This is a region characterized by great climate variability. Though the majority of the surface is classified as Mediterranean climate type (Csa, according to Köppen’s classification) (AEMET, 2011), there are other bioclimatic zones: subtropical (Mediterranean coast), oceanic (Atlantic coast), mountain (medium and high mountain areas in mountain ranges which reach 2000 m.a.s.l.), subcontinental (Guadalquivir Valley and part of oriental Andalusia) and subdesert (Southeast zone with coastal influence) (Junta de Andalucía, 2014). The altitude ranges from sea level to Sierra Nevada summits, where the highest peak reaches 3481 m.a.s.l. In reference to the forest area, it currently covers around 44,000 km² which entails just over half of the total region. The evolution through time has been as follows: in 1956 the forest extension meant 54.7% of the total territory; in 1989 it covered 53.1%; for 2003 it represented 52.6% of the total area of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía, 2010), while for 2007 it covered 4,455,681 ha (Gutiérrez-Hernández et al. 2016), which entails around 50.9%. Even though these percentages show that forest area has descended, it is true that wooded lands have increased, specifically coniferous formations, which encompass pine forests (Junta de Andalucía, 2010). These formations have increased intensely during the second half of the 20th century because of past reforestation projects (Gutiérrez-Hernández et al. 2016), mainly due to commercial value and general economic interest underlying the National Afforestation Plan of the 40s (Junta de Andalucía, 2011) or, on occasion, because of the willing to control the soil erosion. Afterwards, the presence of some pine species was promoted due to afforestation programs from European policies (Anaya-Romero et al. 2016). Expressed in figures, coniferous formations represented 7.8% of the forest area of Andalusia in the year 1956, in 1989 it covered 16.4% while in 2003 it decreased to 10.5% (Junta de Andalucía, 2010). This means that a high percentage of the pine woodlands in Andalusia are plantations or originally came from plantations. According to the Andalusian Forestry Plan of the year 1989, only 20% (151,900 ha) of the total pine woodlands (759,700 ha) were considered natural as a result of spontaneous repopulations from reforestations at the beginning of the century (Junta de Andalucía, 1989). The remaining 80% came from artificial reforestations. In this scenario, Thaumetopoea pityocampa has found a large surface for its activity producing an impact on forests because of defoliation. In the current context of climate change, information about forest pests gains importance because they can play a fundamental role affecting physiology of forest ecosystems (Gracia, 2005).

分類群涵蓋範圍

The whole dataset includes 81,908 records that describe the occurrence of a single species: Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiffermüller, 1776. The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa is one of the species that causes the most extensive impact to the Andalusian forests. Its typical distribution area, conditioned by climate, is associated with Mediterranean and Circum-Mediterranean regions (Battisti et al. 2015), mainly feeding on Pinus genus. That is explained to a big extent by minimum winter temperatures as larval stage takes place in winter (Buffo et al. 2007; Demolin, 1969; Hoch et al. 2009). Therefore, increasing winter temperatures favour this species and climate change is thus expected to increase the potential distribution of the species, which become a paradigmatic case study on the response of forest pests to climatic change (Netherer & Schopf, 2010). Indeed, reports already show presence, outbreaks and potential shifts of the species at higher altitudes and latitudes than before (Battisti, 2005; Pimentel et al. 2011). As a consequence of this, some research shows Thaumetopoea pityocampa as a threat to endemic pine forests (Hódar et al. 2003).

時間涵蓋範圍

計畫資料

Following European and national regulations, the Regional Ministry of Environment and Territorial Planning of Andalusian Regional Government implemented the Plan for Integrated Control Against the Pine Processionary Moth, which began in 1991. This Plan came into place aiming to assess the evolution of this pest and defining preventive and control measures. As part of that, a monitoring programme known as COPLAS was developed for assessing the annual level of damage caused by Thaumetopoea pityocampa in terms of occurrence and defoliation. According to the incidence of this species, the Plan considers different treatments to keep the pine processionary moth population below a certain threshold, for example, from manual treatment of the nests or pheromone traps to air treatments (Junta de Andalucía, 2013).

參與計畫的人員:

取樣方法

The monitoring programme COPLAS was developed for assessing annual defoliation caused by this species on pines and counting of nests through human observation. For this programme, pine forests were divided into monitoring stands according to administrative and environmental criteria defined in the Plan for Integrated Control. Every year, these stands were visited by a forest officer at the end of the defoliating season (from end of winter to beginning of spring) who assigned a defoliation degree to the plot based on observation of the stand as a whole. The result was a scale ranging from 0 to 5 which represents the degree of infestation by the pine processionary moth: - Degree 0: None or some very scattered nests are observed through the stand. - Degree 1: Some nests are observed at the stand edges, in clear areas as well as isolated trees. - Degree 2: Numerous nests at the edges of the stand, in clear areas and some in the middle of the stand. - Degree 3: Partial defoliation at the stand edges and isolated trees. Abundant nests in the middle of the stand. - Degree 4: Very strong defoliations at the stand edges as well as isolated trees and partial defoliations in the rest of the stand. - Degree 5: Very strong defoliations throughout the stand. Since this defoliation assessment was used to define further management measures, this initial assessment could be checked and further adjusted by a technician when plots were assigned a degree equal or higher than 3.

方法步驟描述:

1. All data were stored in a normalized database (PostgreSQL) and incorporated into the Information System of Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory (Pérez-Pérez et al. 2012). Taxonomic and spatial validations were made on this database (see Quality control description). A custom-made SQL view of the database was performed to gather occurrence data associated to sampling event and other variables associated with occurrence data, specifically, degree of infestation. The sampling event data, occurrence and measurement data were accommodated to fulfill the Darwin Core Standard (Wieczorek et al. 2009; 2012). We used Darwin Core Archive Validator tool (http://tools.gbif.org/dwca-validator/) to check whether the dataset meets Darwin Core specifications. The Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT v2.0.5) (Robertson et al. 2014) of the Spanish node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (http://ipt.gbif.es) was used both to upload the Darwin Core Archive and to fill out the metadata. The Darwin Core elements for the sampling event data included in the dataset are: eventID, modified, language, institutionCode, collectionCode, continent, country, countryCode, stateProvince, county, eventDate, habitat, minimumElevationInMeters, maximumElevationInMeters, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, geodeticDatum, coordinateUncertaintyInMeters, samplingProtocol, sampleSizeValue, sampleSizeUnit, footprintWKT. For the occurrence data are: occurrenceID, catalogNumber, eventID, eventDate, basisOfRecord, scientificName, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificNameAuthorship, associatedTaxa, recordedBy, occurrenceStatus. For the measurement data, the Darwin Core elements included were: measurementID, eventID, measurementType, measurementValue, measurementUnit, measurementDeterminedBy, measurementDeterminedDate, measurementMethod.

引用文獻

1. AEMET (2011). Iberian climate atlas. Air temperature and precipitation (1971–2000). AEMET, Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Madrid. Online at http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/conocermas/publicaciones/Atlas-climatologico/Atlas.pdf [accessed 08.02.2018]
2. Anaya-Romero M., Muñoz-Rojas M., Ibáñez B. & Marañón T. (2016). Evaluation of forest ecosystem services in Mediterranean areas. A regional case study in South Spain. Ecosystem Services 20, 82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.07.002
3. Battisti A., Stastny M., Netherer S., Robinet C., Schopf A., Roques A. & Larsson S. (2005). Expansion of geographic range in the pine processionary moth caused by increased winter temperatures. Ecological Applications 15 (6), 2084-2096. doi: 10.1890/04-1903
4. Battisti A., Avci M., Avtzis D.N., Jamaa M.L.B., Berardi L., Berretima W., ... & Hódar J.A. (2015). Natural history of the processionary moths (Thaumetopoea spp.): new insights in relation to climate change. In: Roques A. (Ed.) Processionary moths and climate change: An update. pp. 15-79. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9340-7_2
5. Buffo E., Battisti A., Stastny M. & Larsson S. (2007). Temperature as a predictor of survival of the pine processionary moth in the Italian Alps. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 9 (1), 65-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2006.00321.x
6. Chapman, A. D. (2005a). Principles and Methods of Data Cleaning: Primary Species and Species-Occurrence Data, version 1.0. Report for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen. http://www.gbif.org/document/80528 [accessed 20.09.2017]
7. Chapman, A. D. (2005b). Principles of Data Quality, version 1.0. Report for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen. ISBN 87-92020-03-8. http://www.gbif.org/document/80509 [accessed 20.09.2017]
8. Demolin G. (1969). Bioecología de la “procesionaria del pino” Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. Incidencia de los factores climáticos. Boletín del Servicio de Plagas Forestales 12, 9-24.
9. Escobar D., Díaz S.R., Jojoa L.M., Rudas E., Albarracín R.D., Ramírez C., Gómez J.Y., López C.R. & Saavedra J. (2015). Georreferenciación de localidades: Una guía de referencia para colecciones biológicas. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt – Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá D.C., Colombia. 95 p http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11761/9610 [accessed 18.09.2017]
10. Gracia C., Gil L. & Montero G. (2005). 9. Impacts on the forestry sector. In: Moreno, J. M. (coord.) A Preliminary general assessment of the impacts in Spain due to the effects of climate change. Ministry of Environment, Spain, 385-419.
11. Gutiérrez-Hernández O., Senciales-González, J.Mª. & García-Fernández, L.V. (2016). Evolución de la superficie forestal en Andalucía (1956-2007). Procesos y factores. Revista de Estudios Andaluces, vol. 33 (1), 111-148. doi: 10.12795/rea.2016.i33.06
12. Hoch G., Toffolo E.P., Netherer S., Battisti A. & Schopf A. (2009). Survival at low temperature of larvae of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa from an area of range expansion. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 11 (3), 313-320. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00431.x
13. Hódar J. A., Castro J., & Zamora R. (2003). Pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa as a new threat for relict Mediterranean Scots pine forests under climatic warming. Biological Conservation, 110 (1), 123-129. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00183-0
14. Junta de Andalucía (1989). Plan Forestal Andaluz. Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla.
15. Junta de Andalucía (2010). Adecuación del Plan Forestal Andaluz Horizonte 2015. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla.
16. Junta de Andalucía (2011). Medio siglo de cambios en la evolución de usos del suelo en Andalucía 1956 - 2007. Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla. Online at http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/portal_web/servicios_generales/doc_tecnicos/2011/evolucion_usos_suelo/cambios_usos_suelo.pdf [accessed 19.02.2017]
17. Junta de Andalucía (2013). Plan de Lucha Integrada Contra la Procesionaria del Pino (Traumatocampa pityocampa Denis & Shiffermüller, 1775) en la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla. Online at https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/portal_web/web/temas_ambientales/montes/sanidad_forestal/planes_lucha_integrada/pli_procesionaria.pdf [accessed 07.09.2017]
18. Junta de Andalucía (2014). El Clima de Andalucía en el siglo XXI. Escenarios Locales de Cambio Climático de Andalucía. Actualización al 4º Informe del IPCC, 2014. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla. Online at https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/portal_web/web/temas_ambientales/clima/actuaciones_cambio_climatico/adaptacion/escenarios/elaboracion_escenarios/clima.pdf [accessed 21.02.2017]
19. Netherer S. & Schopf A. (2010). Potential effects of climate change on insect herbivores in European forests—General aspects and the pine processionary moth as specific example. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(4), 831-838. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.034
20. Pando F., Lujano M., Cezón K. (2017). Darwin Test (3.3): una aplicación para la validación y chequeo de los datos en formato Darwin Core. GBIF.ES. Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC). MINECO. http://www.gbif.es/software/darwin-test/
21. Pérez-Pérez R., Bonet F. J., Pérez-Luque A. J., & Zamora R. (2012). Linaria: a set of information management tools to aid environmental decision making in Sierra Nevada (Spain) LTER site. In: Long Term Ecological Research (LTER)(Ed.) Proceedings of the 2013 LTER All Scientist Meeting: The Unique Role of the LTER Network in the Antropocene: Collaborative Science Across Scales. LTER, Estes Park-Colorado, USA.
22. Pimentel C., Calvão T., & Ayres M. P. (2011). Impact of climatic variation on populations of pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa in a core area of its distribution. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 13(3), 273-281. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2011.00520.x
23. Robertson T., Döring M., Guralnick R., Bloom D., Wieczorek J., Braak K., Otegui J., Russell L. & Desmet P. (2014). The GBIF Integrated Publishing Toolkit: Facilitating the Efficient Publishing of Biodiversity Data on the Internet. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102623
24. Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi J. & Penev L., eds. (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 30th January 2018. Online at www.catalogueoflife.org/col. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISSN 2405-8858. [accessed 02.02.2018]
25. Wieczorek J., Döring M., De Giovanni R., Robertson T. & Vieglais D. (2009). Darwin Core Terms: A quick reference guide. Online at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/
26. Wieczorek J., Bloom D., Guralnick R., Blum S., Döring M., Giovanni R., Robertson T. & Vieglais D. (2012) Darwin Core: An evolving community-developed biodiversity data standard. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029715

額外的詮釋資料