Dataset of occurrence and incidence of pine processionary moth in Andalusia (South Spain)

Sampling event
Latest version published by Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory. Andalusian Environmental Center, University of Granada, Regional Government of Andalusia on Nov 30, 2018 Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory. Andalusian Environmental Center, University of Granada, Regional Government of Andalusia

Download the latest version of this resource data as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) or the resource metadata as EML or RTF:

Data as a DwC-A file download 81,908 records in English (35 MB) - Update frequency: unknown
Metadata as an EML file download in English (39 KB)
Metadata as an RTF file download in English (29 KB)

Description

This dataset provides information about infestation caused by the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiffermüller, 1776) in pure or mixed pine plantations in Andalusia. It represents a long-term series (1993 - 2015) containing 81,908 records that describe the occurrence and incidence of this species. Data were collected by the Regional Ministry of Environment and Territorial Planning of the Andalusian Regional Government within the frame of the “Plan de Lucha Integrada contra la Procesionaria del Pino” (Plan for Integrated Control Against the Pine Processionary Moth), which includes a monitoring programme known as COPLAS. In particular, this dataset includes 4,386 monitoring stands which, together with the campaign year, define the dataset events in Darwin Core Archive. Events are related with occurrence data which show if the species is present or absent. In turn, the event data have a measurement associated: degree of infestation. The relevance of this dataset resides in the importance of long-term data, specially for management decisions in relation to forests phytosanitary status and ecological studies about population dynamics of this forest pest, as well as other research areas.

Data Records

The data in this sampling event resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 81,908 records.

2 extension data tables also exist. An extension record supplies extra information about a core record. The number of records in each extension data table is illustrated below.

Event (core)
81908
ExtendedMeasurementOrFact 
81908
Occurrence 
81908

This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.

Versions

The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.

How to cite

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

iEcolab, University of Granada-Andalusian Environmental Center (Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research) (2018) Dataset of occurrence and incidence of pine processionary moth in Andalusia (South Spain). v1. Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory. Andalusian Environmental Center, University of Granada, Regional Government of Andalusia. Contributed by Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio. Dataset/Samplingevent. http://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=coplas&v=1.0

Rights

Researchers should respect the following rights statement:

The publisher and rights holder of this work is Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory. Andalusian Environmental Center, University of Granada, Regional Government of Andalusia. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.

GBIF Registration

This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: bb30e03a-b746-49e4-bab9-decbf27abdf1.  Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory. Andalusian Environmental Center, University of Granada, Regional Government of Andalusia publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by GBIF Spain.

Keywords

Thaumetopoea pityocampa; forest pest; pine plantations; monitoring; degree of defoliation; Andalusia; Samplingevent

Contacts

Andrea Ros Candeira
  • Metadata Provider
  • Originator
  • Point Of Contact
Research Assistant
Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada
Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n
18006 Granada
Granada
ES
+34 958 249748
Antonio Jesús Pérez-Luque
  • Metadata Provider
  • Originator
  • Point Of Contact
Researcher
Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada
Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n
18006 Granada
Granada
ES
+34 958 249748
María Suárez Muñoz
  • Metadata Provider
  • Originator
  • Point Of Contact
Research Assistant
Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada
Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n
18006 Granada
Granada
ES
+34 958 249748
Francisco Javier Bonet García
  • Metadata Provider
  • Originator
  • Point Of Contact
Assistant professor
Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Córdoba. Dpto. Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Área de Ecología
Edificio Celestino Mutis (C-4), 1ª planta
14014 Córdoba
Córdoba
ES
+34 958 249748
José Antonio Hódar Correa
  • Metadata Provider
  • Originator
  • Point Of Contact
Professor. Researcher
Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada
Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva s/n
18071 Granada
Granada
ES
+34 958 241000 ext. 20079
José Manuel Moreira Madueño
  • Custodian Steward
Coordinador del Área de Información, Evaluación, Análisis Ambiental y Fondos Europeos
Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía
Casa Sundheim, Avda. Manuel Siurot, 50
41071 Sevilla
Sevilla
ES
955 00 34 00

Geographic Coverage

Andalusia is located in Southern Spain and covers around 87,597 km². This is a region characterized by great climate variability. Though the majority of the surface is classified as Mediterranean climate type (Csa, according to Köppen’s classification) (AEMET, 2011), there are other bioclimatic zones: subtropical (Mediterranean coast), oceanic (Atlantic coast), mountain (medium and high mountain areas in mountain ranges which reach 2000 m.a.s.l.), subcontinental (Guadalquivir Valley and part of oriental Andalusia) and subdesert (Southeast zone with coastal influence) (Junta de Andalucía, 2014). The altitude ranges from sea level to Sierra Nevada summits, where the highest peak reaches 3481 m.a.s.l. In reference to the forest area, it currently covers around 44,000 km² which entails just over half of the total region. The evolution through time has been as follows: in 1956 the forest extension meant 54.7% of the total territory; in 1989 it covered 53.1%; for 2003 it represented 52.6% of the total area of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía, 2010), while for 2007 it covered 4,455,681 ha (Gutiérrez-Hernández et al. 2016), which entails around 50.9%. Even though these percentages show that forest area has descended, it is true that wooded lands have increased, specifically coniferous formations, which encompass pine forests (Junta de Andalucía, 2010). These formations have increased intensely during the second half of the 20th century because of past reforestation projects (Gutiérrez-Hernández et al. 2016), mainly due to commercial value and general economic interest underlying the National Afforestation Plan of the 40s (Junta de Andalucía, 2011) or, on occasion, because of the willing to control the soil erosion. Afterwards, the presence of some pine species was promoted due to afforestation programs from European policies (Anaya-Romero et al. 2016). Expressed in figures, coniferous formations represented 7.8% of the forest area of Andalusia in the year 1956, in 1989 it covered 16.4% while in 2003 it decreased to 10.5% (Junta de Andalucía, 2010). This means that a high percentage of the pine woodlands in Andalusia are plantations or originally came from plantations. According to the Andalusian Forestry Plan of the year 1989, only 20% (151,900 ha) of the total pine woodlands (759,700 ha) were considered natural as a result of spontaneous repopulations from reforestations at the beginning of the century (Junta de Andalucía, 1989). The remaining 80% came from artificial reforestations. In this scenario, Thaumetopoea pityocampa has found a large surface for its activity producing an impact on forests because of defoliation. In the current context of climate change, information about forest pests gains importance because they can play a fundamental role affecting physiology of forest ecosystems (Gracia, 2005).

Bounding Coordinates South West [36.041, -7.436], North East [38.618, -1.875]

Taxonomic Coverage

The whole dataset includes 81,908 records that describe the occurrence of a single species: Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiffermüller, 1776. The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa is one of the species that causes the most extensive impact to the Andalusian forests. Its typical distribution area, conditioned by climate, is associated with Mediterranean and Circum-Mediterranean regions (Battisti et al. 2015), mainly feeding on Pinus genus. That is explained to a big extent by minimum winter temperatures as larval stage takes place in winter (Buffo et al. 2007; Demolin, 1969; Hoch et al. 2009). Therefore, increasing winter temperatures favour this species and climate change is thus expected to increase the potential distribution of the species, which become a paradigmatic case study on the response of forest pests to climatic change (Netherer & Schopf, 2010). Indeed, reports already show presence, outbreaks and potential shifts of the species at higher altitudes and latitudes than before (Battisti, 2005; Pimentel et al. 2011). As a consequence of this, some research shows Thaumetopoea pityocampa as a threat to endemic pine forests (Hódar et al. 2003).

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta
Order Lepidoptera
Family Notodontidae
Genus Thaumetopoea
Species Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiffermüller, 1776 (pine processionary moth)

Temporal Coverage

Formation Period 1993 - 2015

Project Data

Following European and national regulations, the Regional Ministry of Environment and Territorial Planning of Andalusian Regional Government implemented the Plan for Integrated Control Against the Pine Processionary Moth, which began in 1991. This Plan came into place aiming to assess the evolution of this pest and defining preventive and control measures. As part of that, a monitoring programme known as COPLAS was developed for assessing the annual level of damage caused by Thaumetopoea pityocampa in terms of occurrence and defoliation. According to the incidence of this species, the Plan considers different treatments to keep the pine processionary moth population below a certain threshold, for example, from manual treatment of the nests or pheromone traps to air treatments (Junta de Andalucía, 2013).

Title “Plan de Lucha Integrada contra la Procesionaria del Pino” (Plan for Integrated Control Against the Pine Processionary Moth)
Identifier COPLAS
Study Area Description The area of study is the great majority of Andalusian pure or mixed pine forests (Junta de Andalucía, 2013). As noted above, as a result of intense reforestations in past decades the pine forest presence in Andalusia is extensive. The most common species are: Pinus pinea, P. pinaster, P. halepensis, P. sylvestris and P. nigra (Junta de Andalucía, 2010).
Design Description The Plan for Integrated Control Against the Pine Processionary Moth was designed according to national and regional regulatory frameworks regarding forest management and use of phytosanitary products. Likewise, the Plan was based on concepts defined internationally and defined by the scientific community as “integrated control”. Local studies about the pine processionary moth were carried out in a few centers known as Biological Observation Centers. Together with the available scientific knowledge, the results of these studies were used to define the monitoring design and data collection. For the purpose of this Plan, a system to store and manage the generated information was necessary. For this reason, a survey system was designed where information is collected in a form for each stand and visit. The Plan design was made from a mainly preventive point of view, with the aim of controlling the population of the pest, but contemplating its dynamic character, incorporating large surfaces and new techniques over time. An important step after assessing the level of damage consists on issuing a proposal for actions or treatments and execute those control measures.

The personnel involved in the project:

José Manuel Moreira Madueño
  • Custodian Steward

Sampling Methods

The monitoring programme COPLAS was developed for assessing annual defoliation caused by this species on pines and counting of nests through human observation. For this programme, pine forests were divided into monitoring stands according to administrative and environmental criteria defined in the Plan for Integrated Control. Every year, these stands were visited by a forest officer at the end of the defoliating season (from end of winter to beginning of spring) who assigned a defoliation degree to the plot based on observation of the stand as a whole. The result was a scale ranging from 0 to 5 which represents the degree of infestation by the pine processionary moth: - Degree 0: None or some very scattered nests are observed through the stand. - Degree 1: Some nests are observed at the stand edges, in clear areas as well as isolated trees. - Degree 2: Numerous nests at the edges of the stand, in clear areas and some in the middle of the stand. - Degree 3: Partial defoliation at the stand edges and isolated trees. Abundant nests in the middle of the stand. - Degree 4: Very strong defoliations at the stand edges as well as isolated trees and partial defoliations in the rest of the stand. - Degree 5: Very strong defoliations throughout the stand. Since this defoliation assessment was used to define further management measures, this initial assessment could be checked and further adjusted by a technician when plots were assigned a degree equal or higher than 3.

Study Extent Every year, the Plan for Integrated Control Against the Pine Processionary Moth increased the area covered by the monitoring stands (Junta de Andalucía, 2010), which are distributed throughout all the provinces of Andalusia. In particular, the surface area covered by the monitoring stands included in this dataset is 7,717.6 km².
Quality Control The scientific names were checked with databases of Catalogue of Life/Species 2000 (Roskov et al., 2018). We also performed validation procedures (Chapman, 2005a; 2005b) (geographic coordinate format, coordinates within provincial/county boundaries, absence of ASCII anomalous characters in the dataset) with Darwin Test (3.3) software (Pando, Lujano & Cezón, 2017).

Method step description:

  1. All data were stored in a normalized database (PostgreSQL) and incorporated into the Information System of Sierra Nevada Global-Change Observatory (Pérez-Pérez et al. 2012). Taxonomic and spatial validations were made on this database (see Quality control description). A custom-made SQL view of the database was performed to gather occurrence data associated to sampling event and other variables associated with occurrence data, specifically, degree of infestation. The sampling event data, occurrence and measurement data were accommodated to fulfill the Darwin Core Standard (Wieczorek et al. 2009; 2012). We used Darwin Core Archive Validator tool (http://tools.gbif.org/dwca-validator/) to check whether the dataset meets Darwin Core specifications. The Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT v2.0.5) (Robertson et al. 2014) of the Spanish node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (http://ipt.gbif.es) was used both to upload the Darwin Core Archive and to fill out the metadata. The Darwin Core elements for the sampling event data included in the dataset are: eventID, modified, language, institutionCode, collectionCode, continent, country, countryCode, stateProvince, county, eventDate, habitat, minimumElevationInMeters, maximumElevationInMeters, decimalLatitude, decimalLongitude, geodeticDatum, coordinateUncertaintyInMeters, samplingProtocol, sampleSizeValue, sampleSizeUnit, footprintWKT. For the occurrence data are: occurrenceID, catalogNumber, eventID, eventDate, basisOfRecord, scientificName, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, scientificNameAuthorship, associatedTaxa, recordedBy, occurrenceStatus. For the measurement data, the Darwin Core elements included were: measurementID, eventID, measurementType, measurementValue, measurementUnit, measurementDeterminedBy, measurementDeterminedDate, measurementMethod.

Bibliographic Citations

  1. AEMET (2011). Iberian climate atlas. Air temperature and precipitation (1971–2000). AEMET, Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Madrid. Online at http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/conocermas/publicaciones/Atlas-climatologico/Atlas.pdf [accessed 08.02.2018]
  2. Anaya-Romero M., Muñoz-Rojas M., Ibáñez B. & Marañón T. (2016). Evaluation of forest ecosystem services in Mediterranean areas. A regional case study in South Spain. Ecosystem Services 20, 82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.07.002
  3. Battisti A., Stastny M., Netherer S., Robinet C., Schopf A., Roques A. & Larsson S. (2005). Expansion of geographic range in the pine processionary moth caused by increased winter temperatures. Ecological Applications 15 (6), 2084-2096. doi: 10.1890/04-1903
  4. Battisti A., Avci M., Avtzis D.N., Jamaa M.L.B., Berardi L., Berretima W., ... & Hódar J.A. (2015). Natural history of the processionary moths (Thaumetopoea spp.): new insights in relation to climate change. In: Roques A. (Ed.) Processionary moths and climate change: An update. pp. 15-79. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9340-7_2
  5. Buffo E., Battisti A., Stastny M. & Larsson S. (2007). Temperature as a predictor of survival of the pine processionary moth in the Italian Alps. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 9 (1), 65-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2006.00321.x
  6. Chapman, A. D. (2005a). Principles and Methods of Data Cleaning: Primary Species and Species-Occurrence Data, version 1.0. Report for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen. http://www.gbif.org/document/80528 [accessed 20.09.2017]
  7. Chapman, A. D. (2005b). Principles of Data Quality, version 1.0. Report for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Copenhagen. ISBN 87-92020-03-8. http://www.gbif.org/document/80509 [accessed 20.09.2017]
  8. Demolin G. (1969). Bioecología de la “procesionaria del pino” Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. Incidencia de los factores climáticos. Boletín del Servicio de Plagas Forestales 12, 9-24.
  9. Escobar D., Díaz S.R., Jojoa L.M., Rudas E., Albarracín R.D., Ramírez C., Gómez J.Y., López C.R. & Saavedra J. (2015). Georreferenciación de localidades: Una guía de referencia para colecciones biológicas. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt – Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá D.C., Colombia. 95 p http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11761/9610 [accessed 18.09.2017]
  10. Gracia C., Gil L. & Montero G. (2005). 9. Impacts on the forestry sector. In: Moreno, J. M. (coord.) A Preliminary general assessment of the impacts in Spain due to the effects of climate change. Ministry of Environment, Spain, 385-419.
  11. Gutiérrez-Hernández O., Senciales-González, J.Mª. & García-Fernández, L.V. (2016). Evolución de la superficie forestal en Andalucía (1956-2007). Procesos y factores. Revista de Estudios Andaluces, vol. 33 (1), 111-148. doi: 10.12795/rea.2016.i33.06
  12. Hoch G., Toffolo E.P., Netherer S., Battisti A. & Schopf A. (2009). Survival at low temperature of larvae of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa from an area of range expansion. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 11 (3), 313-320. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00431.x
  13. Hódar J. A., Castro J., & Zamora R. (2003). Pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa as a new threat for relict Mediterranean Scots pine forests under climatic warming. Biological Conservation, 110 (1), 123-129. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00183-0
  14. Junta de Andalucía (1989). Plan Forestal Andaluz. Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla.
  15. Junta de Andalucía (2010). Adecuación del Plan Forestal Andaluz Horizonte 2015. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla.
  16. Junta de Andalucía (2011). Medio siglo de cambios en la evolución de usos del suelo en Andalucía 1956 - 2007. Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla. Online at http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/portal_web/servicios_generales/doc_tecnicos/2011/evolucion_usos_suelo/cambios_usos_suelo.pdf [accessed 19.02.2017]
  17. Junta de Andalucía (2013). Plan de Lucha Integrada Contra la Procesionaria del Pino (Traumatocampa pityocampa Denis & Shiffermüller, 1775) en la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla. Online at https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/portal_web/web/temas_ambientales/montes/sanidad_forestal/planes_lucha_integrada/pli_procesionaria.pdf [accessed 07.09.2017]
  18. Junta de Andalucía (2014). El Clima de Andalucía en el siglo XXI. Escenarios Locales de Cambio Climático de Andalucía. Actualización al 4º Informe del IPCC, 2014. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla. Online at https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/portal_web/web/temas_ambientales/clima/actuaciones_cambio_climatico/adaptacion/escenarios/elaboracion_escenarios/clima.pdf [accessed 21.02.2017]
  19. Netherer S. & Schopf A. (2010). Potential effects of climate change on insect herbivores in European forests—General aspects and the pine processionary moth as specific example. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(4), 831-838. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.034
  20. Pando F., Lujano M., Cezón K. (2017). Darwin Test (3.3): una aplicación para la validación y chequeo de los datos en formato Darwin Core. GBIF.ES. Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC). MINECO. http://www.gbif.es/software/darwin-test/
  21. Pérez-Pérez R., Bonet F. J., Pérez-Luque A. J., & Zamora R. (2012). Linaria: a set of information management tools to aid environmental decision making in Sierra Nevada (Spain) LTER site. In: Long Term Ecological Research (LTER)(Ed.) Proceedings of the 2013 LTER All Scientist Meeting: The Unique Role of the LTER Network in the Antropocene: Collaborative Science Across Scales. LTER, Estes Park-Colorado, USA.
  22. Pimentel C., Calvão T., & Ayres M. P. (2011). Impact of climatic variation on populations of pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa in a core area of its distribution. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 13(3), 273-281. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2011.00520.x
  23. Robertson T., Döring M., Guralnick R., Bloom D., Wieczorek J., Braak K., Otegui J., Russell L. & Desmet P. (2014). The GBIF Integrated Publishing Toolkit: Facilitating the Efficient Publishing of Biodiversity Data on the Internet. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102623
  24. Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi J. & Penev L., eds. (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 30th January 2018. Online at www.catalogueoflife.org/col. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. ISSN 2405-8858. [accessed 02.02.2018]
  25. Wieczorek J., Döring M., De Giovanni R., Robertson T. & Vieglais D. (2009). Darwin Core Terms: A quick reference guide. Online at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/
  26. Wieczorek J., Bloom D., Guralnick R., Blum S., Döring M., Giovanni R., Robertson T. & Vieglais D. (2012) Darwin Core: An evolving community-developed biodiversity data standard. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029715

Additional Metadata

Alternative Identifiers doi:10.15470/s1mxjb
bb30e03a-b746-49e4-bab9-decbf27abdf1
https://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=coplas