説明
The Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP) in Islamabad, Pakistan, is an important site for the conservation of many plants and animals. The present study aimed to determine the status of fauna diversity and richness, and environmental threats to the animals. A field study was conducted and the point count method was used to determine vertebrate diversity. The survey showed that the MHNP is home to 117 species of birds, 27 reptiles – including species such as the saw-scaled viper, Russell’s viper and the Indian cobra - and 30 mammalian species, such as barking deer, wild boar, golden jackal, red fox, Asiatic leopards, monkeys, fruit bats, and pangolins. The results showed a maximum count of 9,076 birds of 117 species belonging to 48 families. According to the Islamabad wildlife management board, one of the unique species, the grey goral (Nemorhaedus goral), has become extinct at the MHNP as no single specimen has been recorded since 2018. It was also been observed, however, that the numbers of the endangered species of common leopard (Panthera pardus) and pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) have increased, possibly due to the wildlife management board’s strategy for conservation. Nevertheless, greater conservation and protection of wild fauna at the MHNP is still needed. During the visits, threats such as habitat degradation, climate change, and over hunting were recorded, but focus on the implementation of approved legislation and better managerial practices to protect the unique diversity was observed.
データ レコード
この チェックリスト リソース内のデータは、1 つまたは複数のデータ テーブルとして生物多様性データを共有するための標準化された形式であるダーウィン コア アーカイブ (DwC-A) として公開されています。 コア データ テーブルには、185 レコードが含まれています。
この IPT はデータをアーカイブし、データ リポジトリとして機能します。データとリソースのメタデータは、 ダウンロード セクションからダウンロードできます。 バージョン テーブルから公開可能な他のバージョンを閲覧でき、リソースに加えられた変更を知ることができます。
バージョン
次の表は、公にアクセス可能な公開バージョンのリソースのみ表示しています。
引用方法
研究者はこの研究内容を以下のように引用する必要があります。:
Aslam I, Yasmeen R (2022): Vertebrate diversity at Margalla Hills National Park, Pakistan. v1.3. Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15470/hf1s9i
権利
研究者は権利に関する下記ステートメントを尊重する必要があります。:
パブリッシャーとライセンス保持者権利者は Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF登録
このリソースをはGBIF と登録されており GBIF UUID: bb5e0679-e20d-431c-a5c3-a6f3c578c99cが割り当てられています。 GBIF Spain によって承認されたデータ パブリッシャーとして GBIF に登録されているMuseu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona が、このリソースをパブリッシュしました。
キーワード
Biodiversity; Margalla Hills; Habitat; Threats; National Park; Checklist
連絡先
- メタデータ提供者 ●
- 最初のデータ採集者 ●
- 連絡先
- 最初のデータ採集者 ●
- 連絡先
- メタデータ提供者
地理的範囲
The study was carried out in Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP), Islamabad, from December 2019 to March 2021. The MHNP is located between 33°43'N and 72°55'E and has a total area of 17,386 hectares.
| 座標（緯度経度） | 南 西 [33.45, 72], 北 東 [34, 73.037] |
|---|
生物分類学的範囲
説明がありません
| Phylum | Vertebrata |
|---|
説明がありません
| Class | Actinopterygii, Amphibia, Aves, Mammalia, Reptilia |
|---|---|
| Family | Channidae, Cyprinidae, Bufonidae, Dicroglossidae, Microhylidae, Accipitridae, Acrocephalidae, Alaudidae, Alcedinidae, Anatidae, Apodidae, Ardeidae, Campephagidae, Caprimulgidae, Charadriidae, Cisticolidae, Columbidae, Corvidae, Cuculidae, Dicruridae, Emberizidae, Estrildidae, Falconidae, Fringillidae, Hirundinidae, Laniidae, Laridae, Leiothrichidae, Megalaimidae, Meropidae, Monarchidae, Motacillidae, Muscicapidae, Nectariniidae, Oriolidae, Paridae, Parulidae, Passeridae, Phasianidae, Phylloscopidae, Picidae, Pittidae, Ploceidae, Psittacidae, Pycnonotidae, Rallidae, Recurvirostridae, Scolopacidae, Stenostiridae, Strigidae, Sturnidae, Timaliidae, Upupidae, Zosteropidae, Bovidae, Canidae, Cercopithecidae, Cervidae, Erinaceidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Hystricidae, Leporidae, Manidae, Muridae, Mustelidae, Pteropodidae, Sciuridae, Suidae, Viverridae, Agamidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, Gekkonidae, Geoemydidae, Lacertidae, Psammophiidae, Scincidae, Trionychidae, Varanidae, Viperidae |
時間的範囲
| 開始日 / 終了日 | 2019-12-01 / 2021-03-31 |
|---|
プロジェクトデータ
The Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP) in Islamabad, Pakistan, is an important site for the conservation of many plants and animals. The present study aimed to determine the status of fauna diversity and richness, and environmental threats to the animals. A field study was conducted and the point count method was used to determine vertebrate diversity. The survey showed that the MHNP is home to 117 species of birds, 27 reptiles – including species such as the saw-scaled viper, Russell’s viper and the Indian cobra - and 30 mammalian species, such as barking deer, wild boar, golden jackal, red fox, Asiatic leopards, monkeys, fruit bats, and pangolins. The results showed a maximum count of 9,076 birds of 117 species belonging to 48 families. According to the Islamabad wildlife management board, one of the unique species, the grey goral (Nemorhaedus goral), has become extinct at the MHNP as no single specimen has been recorded since 2018. It was also been observed, however, that the numbers of the endangered species of common leopard (Panthera pardus) and pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) have increased, possibly due to the wildlife management board’s strategy for conservation. Nevertheless, greater conservation and protection of wild fauna at the MHNP is still needed. During the visits, threats such as habitat degradation, climate change, and over hunting were recorded, but focus on the implementation of approved legislation and better managerial practices to protect the unique diversity was observed.
| タイトル | Vertebrate diversity at Margalla Hills National Park, Pakistan |
|---|---|
| Study Area Description | The study was carried out in Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP), Islamabad, from December 2019 to March 2021. The MHNP is located between 33°43'N and 72°55'E and has a total area of 17,386 hectares. The landscape is mainly comprised of slopes and gullies and limestone rocks. MHNP altitude ranges from 450 to 1,580 meters above sea level (Jabeen et al., 2009). Sampling sites The study area was divided into four sampling sites (fig.1): site 1 (Rawal lake); site 2 (Darra Jangla); site 3 (Shakarparian); and site 4 (Shahdara). Site 1: Rawal Lake Rawal Lake lies south east of Islamabad (PEPA, 2004). It has an area of 19.02 square kilometers with a sustained zone of two square kilometers. Annual precipitation is about 1000 mm and temperature ranges between 1–15°C in winter and 20–40°C in summer. Site 2: Darra Jangla Darra Jangla is situated half a kilometer from trail 3. It is the most wooded and quiet gorge in the park. The stream alongside the trail makes the area an ideal home range for several unique birds and animals. Site 3: Shakrparian Shakarparian is the core part of the park. It is ecologically dense and it is the most diversified area of the park. The Shakarparian has an area of 1376 ha (Jabeen et al., 2009). Its latitude and longitude are 73° 39 N and 33° 44 E. It is considered the most vital part of the park because its thick vegetation provides ideal conditions for numerous animals. Site 4: Shahdara Shahdara is a small town on the fringes of the MHNP. It is seven kilometers from Bara Kahu, and fifteen kilometers from Islamabad. The town is renowned for its animals and water falls. Its dense vegetation provides habitat for many animal species and the town plays a valuable role in conserving biodiversity in the park. |
| 研究の意図、目的、背景など（デザイン） | Each site was visited frequently to observe the microhabitats - such as rotting logs, leaf litter, flotsam, and water channels - of vertebrates. In winter, surveys were conducted before the onset of the hibernation period of amphibians and reptiles, mostly in October and November. Most studies in winter were carried out before sunset as low evening temperatures limit the movement of most species, including reptiles. We also used hiding places, fecal matter, body impressions, tail drags or footprints, tracks, dens, and egg laying excavations to estimate local distribution and population density of all the classes of vertebrates. Surveys and in summer were conducted early in the morning and late in the afternoon. |
プロジェクトに携わる要員:
- 論文著者
収集方法
Each site was visited frequently to observe the microhabitats - such as rotting logs, leaf litter, flotsam, and water channels - of vertebrates. In winter, surveys were conducted before the onset of the hibernation period of amphibians and reptiles, mostly in October and November. Most studies in winter were carried out before sunset as low evening temperatures limit the movement of most species, including reptiles. We also used hiding places, fecal matter, body impressions, tail drags or footprints, tracks, dens, and egg laying excavations to estimate local distribution and population density of all the classes of vertebrates. Surveys and in summer were conducted early in the morning and late in the afternoon.
| Study Extent | The study area was divided into four sampling sites (fig.1): site 1 (Rawal lake); site 2 (Darra Jangla); site 3 (Shakarparian); and site 4 (Shahdara). Site 1: Rawal Lake Rawal Lake lies south east of Islamabad (PEPA, 2004). It has an area of 19.02 square kilometers with a sustained zone of two square kilometers. Annual precipitation is about 1,000 mm and temperature ranges between 1–15°C in winter and 20–40°C in summer. Site 2: Darra Jangla Darra Jangla is situated half a kilometer from trail 3. It is the most wooded and quiet gorge in the park. The stream alongside the trail makes the area an ideal home range for several unique birds and animals. Site 3: Shakrparian Shakarparian is the core part of the park. It is ecologically dense and it is the most diversified area of the park. The Shakarparian has an area of 1376 ha (Jabeen et al., 2009). Its latitude and longitude are 73° 39 N and 33° 44 E. It is considered the most vital part of the park because its thick vegetation provides ideal conditions for numerous animals. Site 4: Shahdara Shahdara is a small town on the fringes of the MHNP. It is seven kilometers from Bara Kahu, and fifteen kilometers from Islamabad. The town is renowned for its animals and water falls. Its dense vegetation provides habitat for many animal species and the town plays a valuable role in conserving biodiversity in the park. |
|---|---|
| Quality Control | To evaluate the vertebrate diversity we used the direct count method as described by Haldin and Ulfvens (1987). Species of vertebrate classes such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals were considered. The GPS (GARMIN, GPS map 76CS x) was also used for the point coordinates. The equipment used included binoculars (magnification 10 × 50) and spotting scope (magnification 20 × 40 × 60) with a tripod and digital camera. Birds and animals were identified using field guides and reference books (Roberts, 1991, 1992, 1997, Khan, 1977; Mirza et al., 1998; Mirza and Wasiq, 2007; Grimmett et al., 2008, 2016). A bimonthly survey of study area was carried out over one year (7-8 days in each survey). |
Method step description:
- Various types of analysis were conducted to establish the diversity index, such as species richness as described by Jost (2006): Shanon-Wiener Index, Simpson Index, Eveness, and Species Richness.
書誌情報の引用
- Aslam, I., Yasmeen, R., 2021. Vertebrate diversity at Margalla Hills National Park, Pakistan. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 19: 237–247, https://doi.org/10.32800/amz.2021.19.0237 https://doi.org/10.32800/amz.2021.19.0237
追加のメタデータ
| 代替識別子 | 10.15470/hf1s9i |
|---|---|
| bb5e0679-e20d-431c-a5c3-a6f3c578c99c | |
| https://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=vertebrata_mhnp_pakistan |