Mosquito Alert Dataset

出現紀錄
最新版本 published by CREAF - Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals on 3月 23, 2023 CREAF - Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals

下載最新版本的 Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) 資源,或資源詮釋資料的 EML 或 RTF 文字檔。

DwC-A資料集 下載 24,788 紀錄 在 English 中 (4 MB) - 更新頻率: 每年一次
元數據EML檔 下載 在 English 中 (101 KB)
元數據RTF文字檔 下載 在 English 中 (52 KB)

說明

The Mosquito Alert dataset includes occurrence records of adult mosquitoes. The records were collected through Mosquito Alert, a citizen science system for investigating and managing disease-carrying mosquitoes. Each record presented in the database is linked to a photograph submitted by a citizen scientist and validated by entomological experts to determine if it provides evidence of the presence of any of five targeted mosquito vectors of top concern in Europe (i.e. Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, Aedes japonicus, Aedes koreicus, Culex pipiens). The temporal coverage of the database is from 2014 through 2022 and the spatial coverage is worldwide. Most of the records from 2014 to 2020 are from Spain, reflecting the fact that the project was funded by Spanish national and regional funding agencies. Since autumn 2020 the data has expanded to include substantial records from other countries in Europe, particularly the Netherlands, Italy, and Hungary, thanks to a human volunteering network of entomologists coordinated by the AIM-COST Action and to technological developments through the VEO project to increase scalability. Among many possible applications, Mosquito Alert dataset facilitates the development of citizen-based early warning systems for mosquito-borne disease risk. This dataset can be further re-used for modelling vector exposure risk or training machine-learning detection and classification routines on the linked images, to help experts in data validation and build up automated alert systems.

資料紀錄

此資源出現紀錄的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案(DwC-A),其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。 核心資料表包含 24,788 筆紀錄。

亦存在 1 筆延伸集的資料表。延伸集中的紀錄補充核心集中紀錄的額外資訊。 每個延伸集資料表中資料筆數顯示如下。

Occurrence (核心)
24788
Multimedia 
24788

此 IPT 存放資料以提供資料儲存庫服務。資料與資源的詮釋資料可由「下載」單元下載。「版本」表格列出此資源的其它公開版本,以便利追蹤其隨時間的變更。

版本

以下的表格只顯示可公開存取資源的已發布版本。

如何引用

研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:

Mosquito Alert, Escobar A, Južnič-Zonta Ž (2023). Mosquito Alert Dataset. Version 1.13. CREAF - Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals. Occurrence dataset. https://doi.org/10.15470/t5a1os

權利

研究者應尊重以下權利聲明。:

此資料的發布者及權利單位為 CREAF - Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals。 To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all rights to these data and has dedicated them to the Public Domain (CC0 1.0). Users may copy, modify, distribute and use the work, including for commercial purposes, without restriction.

GBIF 註冊

此資源已向GBIF註冊,並指定以下之GBIF UUID: 1fef1ead-3d02-495e-8ff1-6aeb01123408。  CREAF - Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals 發佈此資源,並經由GBIF Spain同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。

關鍵字

Occurrence; Observation; Occurrence

外部資料

此資源尚有其他格式可用

Mosquito Alert webmap http://webserver.mosquitoalert.com/ ASCII CSV
Mosquito Alert pictures (BioImage Archive) http://www.mosquitoalert.com/mosquito-images-data-base/ NA PNG, JPG
Mosquito Alert reports https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6235191 ASCII JSON

聯絡資訊

Mosquito Alert
  • 出處
Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC)
ES
Agustí Escobar
  • 元數據提供者
  • 程式設計師
Mosquito Alert Head of IT development
Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals
Campus de Bellaterra (UAB) Edifici C, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona
ES
Živko Južnič-Zonta
  • 元數據提供者
  • 作者
Mosquito Alert Data Engineer
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona
ES
Aitana Oltra
  • 內容提供者
  • 連絡人
Mosquito Alert Scientific Officer and Manager
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
C/ Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005, Barcelona
ES
Mosquito Alert Community
  • 內容提供者
Mosquito Alert Citizen Scientists and Community Builders
Citizen scientists and community builders that actively participate in the Mosquito Alert project (www.mosquitoalert.com).
Frederic Bartumeus
  • 研究主持人
Mosquito Alert Co-Director
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona
ES
John R.B. Palmer
  • 研究主持人
Mosquito Alert Co-Director
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
C/ Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005, Barcelona
ES
Roger Eritja
  • 內容提供者
Mosquito Alert Entomological expert
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona
ES
Alex Richter-Boix
  • 內容提供者
Mosquito Alert Communication Officer
Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals
Campus de Bellaterra (UAB) Edifici C, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona
ES
Joan Garriga
  • 程式設計師
Mosquito Alert Data Scientist
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona
ES
Isis Sanpera-Calbet
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
C/ Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, 08005, Barcelona
ES
Francis Schaffner
  • 內容提供者
Resources provider
Francis Schaffner Consultancy
Lörracherstrasse 50, 4125, Riehen
CH
Alessandra della Torre
  • 內容提供者
Resources and Funding provider
Sapienza University, Department Public Health and Infectious Diseases
Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00198, Rome
IT
Miguel Ángel Miranda
  • 內容提供者
Resources provider
University Balearic Islands, Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group
Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma
ES
Marion Koopmans
  • 內容提供者
Resources and Funding provider
Erasmus University Medical Center
Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD Rotterdam
NL
Luisa Barzon
  • 內容提供者
Resources provider
Università degli Studi di Padova, Department of Molecular Medicine
Via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova
ES
Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU-CEU Universities, Facultad de Veterinaria, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health
C/ Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia
ES
Sarah Delacour
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Zaragoza, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Zaragoza, Animal Health Department
C/ Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza
ES
Mikel Bengoa Paulis
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Anticimex Spain
C/ Jesús Serra Santamans, 5, Planta 3, 08174, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona
ES
Andrea Valsecchi
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona
Plaça Lesseps 8 entresol, 08023, Barcelona
ES
Tomàs Montalvo
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona
Plaça Lesseps 8 entresol, 08023, Barcelona
ES
Maria Angeles Puig
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona
ES
Simone Mariani
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes
C/ d'accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona
ES
Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-CIBIR
C/Piqueras 98, 3º planta, 26006, La Rioja
ES
Santi Escartin Peña
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Associació Mediambiental Xatrac
C/ Pius Font i Quer, S/N, 17310, Lloret de Mar, Girona
ES
Rosario Melero-Alcíbar
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Centro de Educación Superior Hygiea
Av. de Pablo VI, 9, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid
ES
Daniel Bravo-Barriga
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Extremadura, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Animal Health
Av/ Universidad S/N 10003 Cáceres, Spain
ES
Laura Blanco-Sierra
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona
Plaça Lesseps 8 entresol, 08023, Barcelona
ES
Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Skopje
Lazar Pop-Trajkov 5-7, 1000, Skopje
MK
Alice Michelutti
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie
Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro (Padua)
IT
Beniamino Caputo
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Sapienza University, Department Public Health and Infectious Diseases
Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00198, Rome
IT
Carina Zittra
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology
Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna
AT
Cintia Horváth
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca
Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372
RO
Diego Parrondo Montón
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Applied Scieces and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Institute of Microbiology
Via Flora Ruchat-Roncati 15, 6850, Mendrisio Switzerland
CH
Eleonora Flacio
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Applied Scieces and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Institute of Microbiology
Via Flora Ruchat-Roncati 15, 6850, Mendrisio Switzerland
CH
Enkelejda Velo
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Vectors' Control Unit
Str: "Aleksander Moisiu", No. 80, Tirana
AL
Fabrizio Montarsi
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie
Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro (Padua)
IT
Filiz Gunay
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Hacettepe University, Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Vector Ecology Research Group
Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, 06800, Ankara
TR
Hugo Costa Osório
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
National Institute of Health, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research
Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa
PT
Isra Deblauwe
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Entomology
Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp
BE
Karin Bakran-Lebl
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Division for Public Health
Währinger Strasse 25a, 1090, Vienna
AT
Katja Kalan
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies
Glagoljaška ulica 8, 6000, Koper
SI
Angeliki F. Martinou
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
British Forces Cyprus, Joint Services Health Unit
CY
Kornélia Kurucz
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Pécs
Ifjúság útja 6, 7624, Pécs
HU
Mihaela Kavran
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology
Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad
RS
Ognyan Mikov
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
26, Yanko Sakazov blvd., 1504, Sofia
BG
Perparim Kadriaj
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Vectors' Control Unit
Str: "Aleksander Moisiu", No. 80, Tirana
AL
Sandra Gewehr
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Ecodevelopment S.A.
Thesi Mezaria, PO Box 2420, 57010 Filyro
GR
Rafael Gutiérrez-López
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University Balearic Islands, Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group
Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma
ES
Sergio Magallanes
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Estación Biológica de Doñana, Departamento de Ecología de los Humedales
Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Sevilla,
ES
Carlos Barceló
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University Balearic Islands, Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group
Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma
ES
Martina Ferraguti
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Amsterdam, Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics
Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam
NL
Mikel Alexander González
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Universidad Iberoamericana
Avenida Francia 129, 10203, Santo Domingo
DO
Francisco Collantes
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física
Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia
ES
Nikolina Sokolovska
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
PHI Center for Public Health-Skopje
blv.3rd Macedonian brigade, no.18, Skopje
MK
Antonios Michaelakis
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance
8, Stefanou Delta str., 14561 Kifissia, Athens
GR
Gábor Kemenesi
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Pécs
Ifjúság útja 6, 7624, Pécs
HU
Elton Rogozi
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Vectors' Control Unit
Str: "Aleksander Moisiu", No. 80, Tirana
AL
Ana Klobucar
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health
Mirogojska c. 16, 10 000, Zagreb
HR
Marcela Curman Posavec
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health
Mirogojska c. 16, 10 000, Zagreb
HR
Alexander G.C. Vaux
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Medical Entomology, UK Health Security Agency
Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG
GB
Adolfo Ibanez-Justicia
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Centre for Monitoring of Vectors, National Reference Centre, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority
Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA, Wageningen
NL
Marina Bisia
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance
8, Stefanou Delta str., 14561 Kifissia, Athens
GR
Georgios Balatsos
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Laboratory of Insects and Parasites of Medical Importance
8, Stefanou Delta str., 14561 Kifissia, Athens
GR
Hans-Peter Fuehrer
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Parasitology
Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna
AT
Maria Sophia Unterköfler
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Parasitology
Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna
AT
Marco Neira
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
The Cyprus Institute
Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 20, 2121, Nicosia, Cyprus
CY
Eleonora Longo
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Sapienza University, Department Public Health and Infectious Diseases
Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00198, Rome
IT
Francesco Severini
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Infectious Diseases
Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Roma,
IT
Francesca Paoli
  • 內容提供者
Entomological expert
Museo di Scienze di Trento
Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza, 3, 38122, Trento
IT

地理涵蓋範圍

Worldwide dataset, but mostly centered in Europe.

界定座標範圍 緯度南界 經度西界 [-90, -180], 緯度北界 經度東界 [90, 180]

分類群涵蓋範圍

The dataset contains 24788 records of Aedes and Culex genus. For Aedes, four species are reported.

Genus Culex (Linnaeus, 1758)
Species Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Asian tiger mosquito), Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Yellow fever mosquito), Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901) (Asian bush mosquito), Aedes koreicus (Edwards, 1917) (Korean bush mosquito)

時間涵蓋範圍

起始日期 / 結束日期 2014-06-18 / 2022-12-31

計畫資料

BACKGROUND. Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are infections caused by pathogens transmitted by carrier species (vectors), most of which are arthropods. VBDs are a major global health issue, with 80% of the world’s population at risk of one or more of these diseases [1]. VBDs account for 17% of the global burden of communicable diseases with over 1 billion infections and over 700,000 deaths caused by VBDs annually [1]. Many of these diseases, once limited to tropical and subtropical zones, are now increasingly seen in temperate areas [1, 2]. Among VBDs, mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) account for a large share of cases. In 2017 the World Health Organisation estimated over 347 million MBD cases and over 447,000 deaths caused by MBDs annually [1]. Of the 3,591 known species of mosquitoes (order Diptera; family Culicidae) [3], only a fraction are involved in disease transmission or cause considerable nuisance to human and animal populations. These include invasive species that are spreading throughout Europe due to globalisation and climate change [2, 4]. There are five mosquito vectors of primary concern in Europe, four Aedes invasive mosquitoes (AIMs) and the native Culex pipiens (northern house mosquito). The four AIMs established in Europe are Ae. (Stegomyia) aegypti (yellow fever mosquito), Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito), Ae. (Hulecoetomyia) japonicus (Asian bush mosquito) and Ae. (Hulecoetomyia) koreicus (korean bush mosquito) [5]. Their ability to spread into new territories, and their capacity to act as vectors of tropical viral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis, make AIMs key vectors of public health relevance [6]. Notably, Ae. albopictus has already caused outbreaks of exotic arboviruses in Europe, i.e. outbreaks of dengue in Croatia, France, Spain and Italy [7, 8, 9, 10], and two of chikungunya in Italy [11]. In Europe, Culex pipiens is considered the principal vector of West Nile virus (WNV) [12, 13] and Usutu virus [14]. Since 2010, the WNV epidemiological pattern in Europe has evolved, with an increasing incidence of human and horse cases after what began with a very low level of endemicity. Several WNV outbreaks have occurred during the last decades and there was a significant peak in incidence in 2018, with 1,503 cases in the European Union [13, 15, 16]. Given the absence of effective vaccine solutions for most MBDs [17], vector surveillance is critical and needs to be strengthened and coordinated on a global scale. Currently, no global surveillance system is in place to track the emergence and spread of MBDs [18, 19]. Increased mosquito surveillance is needed for timely detection of changes in abundances and species diversity, providing valuable knowledge to health authorities and enabling swift mosquito control responses and other public health interventions. Obtaining field information with traditional mosquito surveillance tools is notoriously costly and time-consuming, and a major drawback of these tools is that they lack scalability. Costs can be significantly reduced by combining citizen science approaches with traditional ones for targeted surveillance [20, 21], and using big data spatial modelling techniques to compute risk maps of vector presence and abundance, human-vector interactions, and disease transmission zones at local or regional scales [22, 23]. Citizen science and the use of digital and networked technologies (Internet, mobile phones) have provided a new dimension to scientific research in the fields of vector ecology, eco-epidemiology, and public health [24, 25]. In the context of MBDs, a considerable amount of ongoing citizen science surveillance projects (29 projects operating in 16 countries all over the world, including some with wide geographic coverage) [26] have successfully involved public participation and provided data on mosquito populations. For future improvement, there is a need to continue engaging with stakeholders, researchers, public health agents, industry, and policymakers. CONTEXT. Mosquito Alert is a citizen science system aimed at investigating and managing disease-carrying mosquitoes. It has been operational since 2014, with most participants initially located in Spain and participation expanding worldwide, particularly in Europe since 2020 [20, 27]. It uses mobile phones and the Internet to bring together citizens, scientists, and public health authorities to fight against MBDs. Mosquito Alert combines authoritative data with citizen science methodologies for data quality assessment and modelling, enabling large-scale estimates of mosquito population dynamics and the human-mosquito interactions through which MBDs are transmitted across a range of scales. The data set presented here was collected through the Mosquito Alert mobile phone application. Citizen scientists provide geo-localized reports and images of targeted mosquito species, breeding sites and biting behaviour. Mosquito Alert also includes a module for sending samples to reference research labs in Europe that can be launched when and where considered necessary, allowing these labs to perform vector specialised identification and screening analyses. In addition, the app collects anonymous information on the geographic distribution of participants in order to correct for sampling effort biases [20]. The application also includes a participant scoring and a notification system that provides scientific and educational contents to participants. These features are expected to increase engagement and encourage frequent and extensive participation [28]. The five target species that citizen scientists can report are Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. japonicus, Ae. koreicus, and Cx. pipiens. The targeted Aedes species are relatively easy to identify in photographs, whereas Culex pipiens can be difficult to distinguish from other Culex species. App tutorials and communication with citizen scientists are used to facilitate the identification and reporting of the targeted species. Adult mosquito reports containing photos are validated independently by three expert entomologists from the Digital Entomological Network in a web-based private platform, the digital Entolab. In addition to these species of interest, expert entomologists also identify other species of mosquitoes (not targeted) and even other insect groups. These identifications are also valuable from an educational perspective, as they help citizen scientists understand differences between targeted and non-targeted mosquitoes/insects. Since manual inspection of digital images is not a scalable option, the Mosquito Alert database of expert-validated images has been used to train a deep learning model to find Ae. albopictus [29] and the other target species (work in progress). This artificial intelligence system will not only be a helpful pre-selector for the expert validation process but also an automated classifier giving quick feedback to the app participants, which is expected to contribute to long-term motivation. In this dataset we must differentiate two periods: the period 2014-2020 (August) and the period 2020 (September)-2021. During the period 2014-2020 the project was mainly focused in Spain, funded from various national sources (see section Funding), and therefore, most of the reports are from there. During this period the system was looking for two invasive species: Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti. This mosquito surveillance tool has so far yielded valuable results. It has served to monitor the spread of Ae. albopictus in Spain [30, 31] and to investigate mosquito species dispersal mechanisms [32]. It was also the source of the first-ever confirmed observation of Ae. japonicus in Spain and it has served as the basis for estimating the Ae. japonicus distribution in northern Spain [33, 34]. Mosquito Alert also provided the first record of Ae. (Fredwardsius) vittatus in northwestern Spain and it has contributed to mosquito biodiversity knowledge more broadly [35]. In addition to all this, Mosquito Alert provides direct links between researchers, public health authorities and the general public, serving as a valuable means for promoting public awareness and education about MBDs. From September 2020 to 2021 the project increased the number of targeted mosquito species to the five listed above, and expanded across Europe with the support of European funding (AIM-COST OC-2017-1-22105, CA17108; VEO SC1-BHC-13-2019,874735). These projects have facilitated the required changes to increase the number of targeted species, scale the system at European level, and promote the development of a Digital Entomological Network of experts, boosting the dissemination of activities across Europe to promote data collection and direct interaction with citizen scientists in different countries. In 2020 and 2021, the digital citizen science surveillance through Mosquito Alert was carried out in combination with pan-European harmonised field entomological sampling (AIMSurv campaigns) under the framework of AIM-COST Action.

計畫名稱 Mosquito Alert
辨識碼 mosquitoalert
經費來源 This work was supported by: 2021-2022 Fair Computational Epidemiology (FACE); Plataforma Temática Interdisciplinar PTI+ Salud Global, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Grant No.: N/A | 2020-2025 Human-Mosquito Interaction Project: Host-vector networks, mobility and the socio-ecological context of mosquito-borne disease; European Research Council (ERC); Grant No.: 853271 | 2020-2021 Strengthening Barcelona’s Defenses Against Disease-Vector Mosquitoes: Automatically Calibrated Citizen-Based Surveil- lance, Barcelona Ciència; Ajuntament de Barcelona, Institut de Cultura; Grant No.: BCNPC/00041 | 2020-2024 VEO: Versatile Emerging infectious disease Observatory, H2020 SC1-BHC-13-2019; European Commission (EC); Grant No.: 874735 | 2020-2025 Preparing for vector-borne virus outbreaks in a changing world: a One Health Approach; Dutch National Research Agenda (NWA); Grant No.: NWA/00686468 | 2019-2021 Big Mosquito Bytes: Community-Driven Big Data Intelligence to Fight Mosquito-Borne Disease; Fundació ”La Caixa”, Health Research 2018 “la Caixa” Banking Foundation; Grant No.: HR19-00336 | 2018-2022 Aedes Invasive Mosquitoes (AIM), COST ACTION OC-2017-1-22105; European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST); Grant No.: CA17108 | 2018 Mosquito Alert: programa para investigar y controlar mosquitos vectores de enfermedades como el Dengue, el Chikungunya y el Zika; Fundació ”La Caixa”; Grant No.: N/A | 2017-2019 Plataforma Integral per al Control de l’Arbovirosis a Catalunya (PICAT); Departament de Salut, Programa PERIS 2016-2020, Generalitat de Catalunya; Grant No.: 00466 | 2016-2018 Ciència ciutadana per a la millora de la gestió i els models predictius de dispersió i distribució real de mosquit tigre a la Província de Girona; Diputació de Salut de Girona (DIPSALUT); Grant No.: N/A | 2016 Nuevas herramientas de participación en ciencia ciudadana: laboratorios de validación y cocreación para AtrapaelTigre.com; Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT); Grant No.: FCT-15-9515 | 2016-2017 Mosquito Alert: programa para investigar y controlar mosquitos vectores de enfermedades como el Dengue, el Chikungunya y el Zika; Fundació ”La Caixa”; Grant No.: N/A | 2016-2017 Ciència ciutadana per a la millora de la gestió i els models predictius de dispersió i distribució real de mosquit tigre a la Província de Girona; Diputació de Salut de Girona (DIPSALUT); Grant No.: N/A | 2015-2016 Citizens-based early warning systems for invasive species and disease vectors: The case of the Asian Tiger mosquito; Fundació ”La Caixa” and Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF); Grant No.: N/A | 2014-2016 Invasión del mosquito tigre en España: Salud pública y cambio global; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Plan Estatal I+D+I; Grant No.: CGL2013-43139-R | 2014 Diseño e implementación de un sistema ciudadano de alerta y seguimiento del mosquito tigre: ciencia en sociedad (Atrapa el Tigre 2.0); Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT); Grant No.: FCT-13-701955
研究區域描述 The project was initially focused on Spain, although in recent years it’s coverage expanded to Europe and is slowly taking momentum worldwide. At the moment, the Mosquito Alert application is available in 20 languages.
研究設計描述 See extense documentation at http://www.mosquitoalert.com/en/publicaciones/

參與計畫的人員:

Aitana Oltra
  • POINT_OF_CONTACT

取樣方法

There is no pre-set sampling frequency: participants can send as much data as they like wherever and whenever they like or can. Data sampling may be more intense in some periods due to dissemination events (e.g. project appearances in TV, Science Fairs, etc.) but is also naturally modulated by mosquito seasonal prevalence and activity patterns.

研究範圍 There are no limitations in terms of geographic areas from which citizen are allowed to participate, so data can be sent from all over the world. Nevertheless, Mosquito Alert’s main coverage has been in Spain, with increasing coverage in Europe since 2020, mainly in The Netherlands, Italy, and Hungary. The temporal coverage of the dataset is from June 18, 2014 to September 20, 2021.
品質控管 The Digital Entomology Network is formed by a number of experts, including the so-called National Supervisors. At each European country participating through the projects AIM-COST and VEO, the National Supervisors serve as national level coordinators and supervisors. In addition, a senior entomologist Super Expert is in charge of the coordination of the whole validation flow and mechanics in the Mosquito Alert system. A manual for the expert validation system is distributed beforehand to the members of the network and published in the Mosquito Alert website [36] with specifications on the criteria for species determination. The taxonomic determination of an observation results in two potential outputs indicating the degree of certainty: confirmed, when taxonomic features can be clearly seen in the picture/s and probable, when only some characteristic features can be observed. The final taxonomic determination and the relative degree of certainty is computed based on expert’s validations in two steps. (1) Selection of most voted category. The selection for the most voted category is a simple majority selection. For example, assume the following three expert validation assessment: "Probably Ae. albopictus | Definitely Ae. albopictus | Probably Ae. aegypti". The most voted category is Ae. albopictus with two votes. Note that in this step, the "Probably" and "Definitely" qualifications given by each expert are ignored. If there is no majority (i.e, every expert chooses a different taxonomic category) the classification result is considered a "conflict" and the report is flagged and revised by the super-expert. (2) Certainty value selection. The certainty labels of the most voted taxonomic category are mapped to integer values such that 1 corresponds to "Probably" and 2 to "Definitely". The final certainty assessment value is given by averaging the values and rounding them to the nearest integer value with a round half down strategy. For the above example, the most voted category is Ae. albopictus where two values are issued ("Probably" and "Definitely") that results in an average value of 1.5. Finally, after rounding the average to 1 the assessment gives a "Probable" Ae. albopictus occurrence. If the final result would be 2, the certainty degree of the occurrence would be labeled as "Confirmed". Note that rounding half down strategy implies a conservative approach in the certainty evaluation: if one of the expert expresses doubt, the overall value is decreased. The validation procedure allows an expert to label a report with not sure in case of pictures with insufficient information. Those records are not included in the current dataset, since only confirmed or probable mosquito records are valid occurrences. For each record, the corresponding entomologist experts who reviewed it are cited by name or by a group label (e.g. institution, team name, etc.). The Anonymous expert label is assigned to experts who wish to remain anonymous.

方法步驟描述:

  1. An anonymous citizen scientist observes an adult-mosquito (dead or alive).
  2. Within the Mosquito Alert smart-phone application, the citizen scientist answers a small questionnaire with taxonomic and environment-related questions, indicates the location of the observation, attaches one or more photographs (optional), and adds comments (optional).
  3. The report is reviewed by members of the Mosquito Alert team to remove anything that appears to be personally identifying information or inappropriate content.
  4. Each photograph attached to the report is evaluated independently by three entomologists, and each assigns a label to the report indicating their degree of certainty as to whether the photographs show the target species. A "not sure" label is used if an expert is not able to classify a report. A report is flagged if for any reason the report needs further discussion or should be temporarily left out from the public view. The final taxonomic classification comes from averaging the three expert validations (see section Data Validation and Quality Control).
  5. The report is released into the public domain after the three entomologists’ validation and reviewed by a senior entomologist who also checks flagged reports. As citizen scientists can try several pictures of the same specimen in one single report, one of the three experts has the responsibility to choose the final image released to the public domain (public map), which is the one published in the GBIF dataset. The selection criteria is to choose the mosquito image that best represents the observation, or the most valid for species determination.

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額外的詮釋資料

目的 This data set can reach many entomological (vector) surveillance and management objectives. First, due to its scalability and massive networking capability it can be used as an Early Warning System (EWS) for detection of invasive species across scales, from city to continental scales. At local scales this type of data can help optimise vector control, as citizen inform about nuisance and presence of mosquitoes at almost real time. Mosquito reduction campaigns, may combine top-down strategies of mosquito (larvae) control (undertaken by public health agencies) with bottom-up strategies promoting social action and behavioural change to reduce domestic and peri-domestic breeding sites’ proliferation. Second, if combined with other data sources this data can be used to make risk assessments, like characterisation of critical areas and seasonal variability for disease risk transmission. It can also be used for data augmentation and calibration in mosquito distribution models of seasonal and inter-annual patterns as well as and spatial suitability maps. Third, the associated images contribute to train machine-learning models for image flow optimisation procedures in digital-based EWS and mosquito detection and classification.
替代的識別碼 10.15470/t5a1os
1fef1ead-3d02-495e-8ff1-6aeb01123408
https://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=mosquitoalert
https://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=mosquitoalert