Fossil Vertebrate Database from Cova des Pas de Vallgornera (Llucmajor, Mallorca)

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如何引用

研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:

Díaz A., Bover P., Alcover J.A. (2014) Fossil Vertebrate Database from Cova des Pas de Vallgornera (Llucmajor, Mallorca). International Journal of Speleology.

權利

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此資料的發布者及權利單位為 Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (CSIC)。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.

GBIF 註冊

此資源尚未向GBIF註冊

關鍵字

Fossil vertebrates; Cova des Pas de Vallgornera; Myotragus; Myotragus aff. kopperi; Nesiotites aff. ponsi; Hypnomys onicensis; Rhinolophus aff. mehelyi; Athene vallgornerensis; Discoglossus sp.; Podarcis sp.; Specimen

聯絡資訊

地理涵蓋範圍

Cova des Pas de Vallgornera is an extensive maze cave (more than 70 km) located on the south coast of Mallorca (Balearic Islands). Coordinates of the CPV entrance: 39°22′0″N, 2°52′25″E, Datum: WGS84. It is considered one of the 30 longest caves in the world. It was discovered in 1968 in the course of a drilling carried out for the construction of a cesspit. Cova des Pas de Vallgornera is the longest karstic system currently known in the Balearics. The fossiliferous deposit is located at the end of a passage known as Galeria del Tragus and Sala del Col•lapse. For a more extensive description see Merino et al. (2011) and Bover et al. (in press: 2014). The cave is protected by the Balearic Conselleria de Medi Ambient, the Ministry of Environment of the Government of the Balearic Islands. It was declared Site of Community Importance within the Natura 2000 Network (European Council Directive 92/43/EEC, no. ES5310049). For a detailed description of the cave, see Merino et al. (2008, 2011).

分類群涵蓋範圍

Most of the taxa from Cova des Pas de Vallgornera are Mammalia (97.1% of the catalogued items) followed by Aves (1.9%), Reptilia (0.8%) and Amphibia (0.2%). It is worth mentioning here that the data set contains the type material of an extinct species of little owl from the Early Pleistocene of Mallorca (Athene vallgornerensis). The collection includes 23 taxa and 97.5% of the specimens are identified at species level. Myotragus aff. kopperi is the most represented species in the database (897 catalogued items). The preservation of material is very good.

時間涵蓋範圍

計畫資料

無相關描述

參與計畫的人員:

取樣方法

The excavation campaign was carried out during 28-30 May 2010. All the fossil fauna was labelled and protected. The material was mainly collected by hand and situated in the topographical survey indicating the number of the closest established section. Material partially covered by flowstone was extracted from the deposit through mechanical methods. Associated skeletons have been individualized.

方法步驟描述:

1. After collection, the material was packed in protected containers that were carried outside the cave by a group of volunteers. The fossils have been identified by taxonomists of the IMEDEA (Pere Bover, Carmen Guerra and Josep Antoni Alcover), the University of the Basque Country - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (Juan Rofes) and the Universidad de Zaragoza (Glória Cuenca-Bescós). The skeletal remains of Myotragus from CPV were generally in good preservation state. Most of bones are complete. From a conservation and restoration point of view, major issues are related to sediment presence. This sediment, which partially or fully covers some bones, can be present as: 1) a thin layer of calcium carbonate (less than 5mm thick), or 2) as thick concretions, covering both the bone and the surrounding soft or hard clay. There is a number of cracked and broken bones. Some of these bones have been consolidated with acrylic resin (Paraloid B-67), and attached with nitrocellulosic adhesive (Imedio). Some bones (like humeri and femora) have a more fragile consistency (with some powdering traces in both fracture plans and spongy tissue), while other bones, like the jaws and metapodials, are very well preserved (they are very compact and without powdering traces). The removal of the remains of sediment on the bones from CPV was mainly performed mechanically. Depending on the hardness and volume of sediment, vibroincisor, knife, punch and metal or wood poles were used. However, in many cases, the sediment was previously softened with distilled water and/or alcohol applied with brush or swab. Only the parts of the bones with powder damage (especially in areas with cracks and fracture planes) were consolidated. In these cases an acrylic resin (Paraloid B-67) was used, diluted 5-10% in acetone, which was applied with a brush or by dripping. Both cellulose nitrate (Imedio) and acrylic resin (Paraloid B-67) were used to hold the fragments. When the fragments to be glued were small or lightweight only Paraloid B-67 was used. A professional conservator (B.Font) performed all the conservation work. All the material was numbered to be included at the IMEDEA Vertebrate Collection, and it is currently preserved in plastic bags, plastic boxes and cardboard boxes. All the material has been digitalized and included in the IMEDEA vertebrate Collection. To guarantee the quality of the database in the GBIF network, the Cova des Pas de Vallgornera dataset has been standardized following the standard Darwin Core version 1.2 for information exchange of natural history collections, and it has been later analysed to correct any possible error with the Darwin Test (an application to test and check data in the Darwin Core format, developed and supported by the Coordination Unit of the Spanish GBIF national node http://www.gbif.es/darwin_test/Darwin_Test.php). Among the checks performed, errors of omission, typographic, convention and consistency were analysed.

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引用文獻

1. Bover P.,Valenzuela A., Guerra C., Rofes J., Alcover J.A., Ginés J., Fornós J.J., Cuenca-Bescós G. & Merino A. (submitteD) The Cova des Pas de Vallgornera (Llucmajor, Mallorca): an singular deposit containing an extraordinarily well preserved Early Pleistocene vertebrate fauna. International Journal of Speleology.
2. Guerra C., Bover P. & Alcover, J.A. (2012) A new species of extinct little owl from the Pleistocene of Mallorca (Balearic Islands). Journal of Ornithology, 152: 347-354. DOI 10.1007/s10336-011-0749-3
3. Merino A., Mulet A., Mulet G., Croix A. & Gràcia F. (2008) La cova des Pas de Vallgornera (Llucmajor, Mallorca): alcanza los 55 kilómetros de desarrollo topográfico. Endins, 32: 33-42.
4. Merino A., Mulet A., Mulet G., Croix A., Kristofersson A., Gràcia F., Ginés J. & Fornós J.J. (2011) La cova des Pas de Vallgornera (Llucmajor, Mallorca). La cavitat de major desenvolupament de les Illes Balears. Endins, 35/Monografies de la Societat d’Història Natural de les Balears, 17: 147-164.
5. Jordana X, Marín-Moratalla N, Moncunill-Solé B, Bover P, Alcover JA, et al. (2013) First Fossil Evidence for the Advance of Replacement Teeth Coupled with Life History Evolution along an Anagenetic Mammalian Lineage. PLoS ONE 8(7): e70743. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070743

額外的詮釋資料