Описание
The study was conducted on four islands located west of Bejaia (north–eastern Algeria) to collect baseline information about diversity and composition of insects. Data were collected during summer and spring of 2015 using traps, sweep nets and the Japanese umbrella sampling methods. A total of 1,691 individuals belonging to 112 species were collected. Totals of 72, 56, 41 and 34 species were recorded in Pisans Island, El Euch Island, Sahel Islet and Ail Islet, respectively. Of the 1,691 individuals recorded, 39.85 %, 30.51 %, 18.03 % and 11.59 % were recorded in Pisans Island, El Euch Island, Sahel islet and Ail islet, respectively. Shannon–weaver index ranged from 2.96 to 3.34 and Equitability between 0.77 and 0.87. The composition of the insect community differed between sampled islands (NMDS, Stress = 0.013). Eleven (11) insect species composed over 50 % of dissimilarity between islands. Two species (Cassida viridis (L.) and Pheidole pallidula (Nyl.) accounted for more than 5 % of the diversity on all islands. Sorensen's similarity coefficient showed that Pisans and El Euch islands have the highest similarity (45.37 %), while the lowest similarity was recorded between Pisans Island and Sahel Islet (15.53 %).
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Как оформить ссылку
Исследователи должны дать ссылку на эту работу следующим образом:
Aissat, L., Bensid, N., Namir, F., Moulai, R., 2023. Diversity and composition of island insects of the Bejaia region (Algeria). Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona. Dataset/Occurrence. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15470/bsr2yo
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Ключевые слова
Diversity; Insect composition; NMDS; SIMPER; Islands; Bejaia; Occurrence
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Географический охват
The study area is located on the west coast of Bejaia (36º 15' N and 4º 20' E). It extends over approximately 60 km of coastline along the Mediterranean Sea, from Cape Carbon to Cape Sigli. This area includes the main islets of the region which are, from east to west, the islet of Sahel, the island of Pisans, the islet of Ail and the island of El Euch (fig. 1). All sites have a largely rocky structure. The islet of Sahel is dominated by carbonate tuff, the island of El Euch and the island of Pisans are dominated by fine sandstone with siliceous cement (Quartzite), and the islet of Ail is dominated by Quaternary sandstone (fossil beach) strongly eroded by sea spray (Duplan, 1952).
| Ограничивающие координаты | Юг Запад [36,794, 4,789], Север Восток [36,893, 5,023] |
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Таксономический охват
N/A
| Kingdom | Animalia |
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| Phylum | Arthtopoda |
| Class | Insecta |
| Order | Diptera, Hemiptera, Dictyoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Blattaria, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera, Lepidoptera |
| Family | Tephritidae, Staphylindae, Cetoniinae, Nymphalidae, Muscidae, Noctuidae, Deltocephalinae, Byturidae, Sarcophagidae, Halictidae, Chalcididae, Lygaeidae, Calliphoridae, Braconidae, Carcinophoridae, Buprestidae, Stratiomyidae, Scraptiidae, Curculionidae, Chrysopidae, Tettigoniidae, Blatellidae, Miridae, Anthocoridae, Staphylinidae, Anthomyiidae, Myleridae, Mordellidae, Pteromalidae, Lycaenidae, Cantharidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Oedemeridae, Saldidae, Mantidae, Cicadellidae, Pentatomidae, Ichneumonidae, Erebidae, Chloropidae, Fanniidae, Eulophidae, Tachinidae, Dermestidae, Syrphidae, Apionidae, Pieridae, Chrysomelidae, Ormyridae, Odemeridae, Lonchaeidae, Tenebrionidae, Vespidae, Apidae, Coccinelidae, Formicidae |
Данные проекта
The inventory of island fauna is a crucial step for ecological and biogeography studies (Solomon and Mikheyev, 2005). Islands have an important additional role in insect conservation as they are refuge and translocation sites for species and populations severely threatened on the nearby mainland (Ponel and Passetti, 2012). Magnanou (2005) recalls some general laws that characterize island biodiversity. The species richness of islands depends on their surface area; for the same surface area, island biodiversity is lower than continental biodiversity. Species richness results from a balance between the rate of colonization and the rate of extinction (Mc Arthur and Wilson theory, 1967). One of the main factors in this model is the distance between the island and the mainland as this defines its degree of isolation. However, island biodiversity depends on many other factors besides size and isolation (Mc Arthur and Wilson, 1967). Some authors refute the hypothesis of equilibrium of biodiversity considering that it also depends on the particularity of each species, the diversity of ecosystems and their equilibrium, and the specific characteristics of each island (Lomolino and Weiser, 2001; Lomolino and Smith, 2003; Magnanou, 2005; Aissat, 2019). The insects of Algerian islands have been little studied to date. Only the ants of the Habibas Islands (Bernard, 1958) and the insects of the Jijel islands (Aissat and Moulai, 2016) have been recorded until now. The present study on insect diversity of the islands located on the west coast of the Bejaia region constitutes an original approach to establish the first elements of a faunistic inventory on these environments. This study was conducted to analyse the diversity and the composition of the insects of Bejaia islands (Algeria).
| Название | Diversity and composition of island insects of the Bejaia region (Algeria) |
|---|---|
| Описание района исследования | The study area is located on the west coast of Bejaia (36º 15' N and 4º 20' E). It extends over approximately 60 km of coastline along the Mediterranean Sea, from Cape Carbon to Cape Sigli. This area includes the main islets of the region which are, from east to west, the islet of Sahel, the island of Pisans, the islet of Ail and the island of El Euch (fig. 1). All sites have a largely rocky structure. The islet of Sahel is dominated by carbonate tuff, the island of El Euch and the island of Pisans are dominated by fine sandstone with siliceous cement (Quartzite), and the islet of Ail is dominated by Quaternary sandstone (fossil beach) strongly eroded by sea spray (Duplan, 1952). Pisans Island (36º 49' 31.01'' N 4º 59' 50.88'' E) is located at 1,250 m from the shore with a surface of 1.2 ha and a maximum height of 30 m. The vegetation cover is dominated by Phillyrea angustifolia L. El Euch Island (36º 53' 34.08'' N 4º 47' 20.30'' E) is about 120 m from the shore; it covers an area of 0.8 ha with a maximum height of 20 m. The plant cover is dominated by Phillyrea angustifolia L. and Atriplex halimus L. Sahel Islet (36º 47' 38.69'' N 5º 01' 23.33'' E) is separated from the shore by a distance of 7 m; its area is 0.2 ha with a maximum height of 15 m. The structure of the vegetation shows a dominance of Olea europaea L. and Pistacia lentiscus L. Ail Islet (36º 48' 55.61'' N 4º 580' 41.85'' E) is located only 100 m from the shore. It measures about 0.4 ha in area, only half of which is covered by vegetation. It is locally nicknamed 'the Islet of Garlict' because of its apparent vegetation from the mainland, dominated by large stems of Allium sp with summer flowering (Vela, 2016). |
| Описание плана выполнения исследований | The entomological fauna inventory was conducted during spring and summer, between April and July 2015. For insects evolving at ground level, 20 traps were established on each island along a 100 m linear transect, consisting of 102 ml plastic cups (12 cm height x 10 cm diameter) driven into the soil, with the top of the cups flush with the ground surface, and with a separated distance of 10 m between traps. The cups were filled to 3/4 with an unattractive mixture of propylene glycol (which acts as a preservative by avoiding the decomposition of the harvested insects) and drops of dishwashing liquid were added, breaking the surface tension. Traps were left in place on the islands for 7 days. Insects frequenting the herbaceous stratum were collected by sweep net. On a plot of 100 m2, we took 4 plots of 9 m2; 40 shots of nets were made on the latter, which made 160 shots on the surface already mentioned (100 m2). This approach was repeated for each field campaign. Insects present in the shrub layer were collected by using a Japanese umbrella. A light–colored square cloth of 120 x 120 cm was stretched over a folding wooden frame. This was held in one hand while the other hand was used to shake the branches of the trees so that the insects fell onto the mat and could be easily collected. The collected insects were preserved in 75 % ethyl alcohol. These specimens were identified under a stereomicroscope using the following specialized bibliography: Portevin (1924), Perrier (1935, 1961, 1963, 1964), Chopard (1943), Bernard (1958), Plateaux–Quéner (1972), Delvare and Aberlenc (1989), Auber (1999). Collections containing insects collected in the nearby continental environment were also consulted, notably those present at the Applied Zoology and Ecophysiology Laboratory of the University of Bejaia. |
Методы сбора
The entomological fauna inventory was conducted during spring and summer, between April and July 2015. For insects evolving at ground level, 20 traps were established on each island along a 100 m linear transect, consisting of 102 ml plastic cups (12 cm height x 10 cm diameter) driven into the soil, with the top of the cups flush with the ground surface, and with a separated distance of 10 m between traps. The cups were filled to 3/4 with an unattractive mixture of propylene glycol (which acts as a preservative by avoiding the decomposition of the harvested insects) and drops of dishwashing liquid were added, breaking the surface tension. Traps were left in place on the islands for 7 days. Insects frequenting the herbaceous stratum were collected by sweep net. On a plot of 100 m2, we took 4 plots of 9 m2; 40 shots of nets were made on the latter, which made 160 shots on the surface already mentioned (100 m2). This approach was repeated for each field campaign. Insects present in the shrub layer were collected by using a Japanese umbrella. A light–colored square cloth of 120 x 120 cm was stretched over a folding wooden frame. This was held in one hand while the other hand was used to shake the branches of the trees so that the insects fell onto the mat and could be easily collected. The collected insects were preserved in 75 % ethyl alcohol. These specimens were identified under a stereomicroscope using the following specialized bibliography: Portevin (1924), Perrier (1935, 1961, 1963, 1964), Chopard (1943), Bernard (1958), Plateaux–Quéner (1972), Delvare and Aberlenc (1989), Auber (1999). Collections containing insects collected in the nearby continental environment were also consulted, notably those present at the Applied Zoology and Ecophysiology Laboratory of the University of Bejaia.
| Охват исследования | Pisans Island (36º 49' 31.01'' N 4º 59' 50.88'' E) is located at 1,250 m from the shore with a surface of 1.2 ha and a maximum height of 30 m. The vegetation cover is dominated by Phillyrea angustifolia L. El Euch Island (36º 53' 34.08'' N 4º 47' 20.30'' E) is about 120 m from the shore; it covers an area of 0.8 ha with a maximum height of 20 m. The plant cover is dominated by Phillyrea angustifolia L. and Atriplex halimus L. Sahel Islet (36º 47' 38.69'' N 5º 01' 23.33'' E) is separated from the shore by a distance of 7 m; its area is 0.2 ha with a maximum height of 15 m. The structure of the vegetation shows a dominance of Olea europaea L. and Pistacia lentiscus L. Ail Islet (36º 48' 55.61'' N 4º 580' 41.85'' E) is located only 100 m from the shore. It measures about 0.4 ha in area, only half of which is covered by vegetation. It is locally nicknamed 'the Islet of Garlict' because of its apparent vegetation from the mainland, dominated by large stems of Allium sp with summer flowering (Vela, 2016). |
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| Контроль качества | Differences in insect composition of the four islands were explored by non–metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis using the Bray–Curtis similarity index as a distance measure. A SIMPER analysis using the Bray–Crtis similarity index as a distance measure was applied to highlight the contribution of each insect species to the dissimilarity between the various islands. All statistical analyses were performed using PAST software (Hammer et al., 2001). A different method was used to highlight the contribution of the main species to the diversity of all the islands. This method was inspired by that of Lam Hoai et al. (1987), an approach developed on zooplankton when confronted with the need to discard rare species. The method consists of calculating the contribution of a species K to local (intra–island) or global (inter–island) diversity using the following formula C = H’1 – H’2 / H’1 where H'1 is the diversity (Shannon Wiener index of the station (local contribution), and H'2 is the recalculated diversity without the species K considered, i.e., H'2 = H'1 – H'K In order to quantify the changes in species composition, the Sorensen similarity index (presence/absence of species) was established between all modalities (Legendre and Legendre, 1998). The Sorensen index (Si) is based on the presence/absence of species and is calculated according to the equation: Si = 2J / SA + SB where SA is the number of species of the first island; SB is the number of species of the second island; and J is the number of species common to both islands. |
Описание этапа методики:
- A total of 112 species of insects were recorded on the islands (table 1). There were 72 species on the island of Pisans with 674 individuals, distributed over eight orders and 41 families. On the Island of El Euch, 56 species with 516 individuals were found, divided into seven orders and 37 families. On Sahel Islet, 41 species with 305 individuals were sampled, distributed in five orders and 23 families. On Ail Islet, 34 species were inventoried, with 196 individuals, distributed in 7 orders and 25 families (table 2). These results are consistent with the Shannon–Weaver index, where the highest value (3.34 bits) was on Pisans Island, followed by El Euch and Sahel Islands with values of 3.12 and 2.96, respectively. The lowest value (2.96 bits) was recorded on the Sahel Islet (table 2). In addition, Ail Islet seemed to be the most balanced, with a value of equitability equal to 0.87. Next came the three islands, Sahel, Pisans and El Euch, with values of 0.79, 0, 78, and 0.77 respectively (table 2).
Библиографические ссылки
- Aissat, L., Bensid, N., Namir, F., Moulai, R., 2023. Diversity and composition of island insects of the Bejaia region (Algeria). Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 21: 91–104, Doi: https://doi.org/10.32800/amz.2023.21.0091 https://doi.org/10.32800/amz.2023.21.0091
Дополнительные метаданные
| Альтернативные идентификаторы | 10.15470/xwsjvw |
|---|---|
| 687cc962-a915-4f58-bd9a-e5b5ae23ced1 | |
| https://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=insects_bajaia_region |