10.15470/aznvgz https://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=spanish_mammal_sign_surveys_momat Sinn_Surveys_MOMAT Eduardo José Rodríguez-Rodríguez Sociedad Ibérica para la Conservación y estudio de los Mamíferos

Sevilla Sevilla 41015 ES

mamat@secem.es 0000-0002-1170-0788 Juan Matutano Sociedad Ibérica para la Conservación y Estudio de los Mamíferos

Sevilla Sevilla 41015 ES

0009-0005-3514-9694 Javier Calzada Dept. de Ciencias Integradas y Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Física, Matemáticas y Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva

Huelva Huelva 21071 ES

0000-0001-5701-2238 Javier Fernández-López Institute for Game and Wildlife Research, IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM)

Ciudad Real Ciudad Real ES

Maria Mas BiBio Research Group, Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers

Granollers Barcelona 08402 ES

http://www.atlesmamifers.cat 0000-0001-9309-5413 Javier Palomo Depto. de Biología Animal, Fac. de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga

Málaga Málaga 29071 ES

Carlos Rouco Depto. de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Área de Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla

Sevilla Sevilla 41092 ES

0000-0003-1026-3253 Simone Santoro Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway

Bø Huelva 29071 NO

0000-0003-0986-3278 Jacinto Román Dept. of Conservation Biology and Global Change, Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC

Sevilla Sevilla 41092 ES

0000-0003-0675-9432 Eduardo José Rodríguez-Rodríguez Sociedad Ibérica para la Conservación y estudio de los Mamíferos momat@secem.es 0000-0002-1170-0788 2026-04-30 eng Track and sign surveys were conducted to detect mammal presence through indirect evidence such as footprints, faeces, burrows and feeding remains. For each UTM 10 × 10 km grid cell, a list of potentially detectable species was established based on species biology, known or nearby historical occurrences, and the reliability of species identification from field signs.Two types of itineraries were conducted:• Terrestrial itineraries: At least one transect of a minimum length of 1 km per grid cell.• Aquatic itineraries: Transects of 600 m along rivers, streams, or other aquatic habitats to detect species closely associated with water bodies.All itineraries were actively searched for signs of the target species. Survey routes, effort (length and duration) and associated evidence were recorded. Data collection was carried out using the Observation.org platform and validated by the SECEM expert validation network.6,201 occurrences (3,823 terrestrial + 2,378 aquatic) from 580 terrestrial and 487 aquatic events, covering 498 terrestrial and 424 aquatic LAEA 10 × 10 km grid cells. Records correspond to indirect field evidence of mammal presence and are classified as HumanObservation. Occurrence National survey GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml Observation GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License. https://secem.es/estudios/programas/proyecto-momat The study area encompasses the entire Spanish territory, including the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla. This region spans a wide range of bioclimatic zones, from Atlantic and Alpine in the north, to Mediterranean and semi-arid regions in the south and southeast, as well as Macaronesian climates in the Canary Islands. Elevation ranges from sea level to over 3,400 m in the Pyrenees and Sierra Nevada, resulting in steep climatic and habitat gradients. The landscape is highly heterogeneous, comprising forests (deciduous, coniferous, and mixed), shrublands, grasslands, wetlands, rivers and streams, coastal areas, agricultural lands, and urbanized zones. Such environmental diversity supports a broad spectrum of terrestrial and semi-aquatic mammal species with varying ecological requirements and detectability, making standardized and complementary survey methods essential for comprehensive monitoring. -180 180 90 -90 2022-01-01 2025-12-15 Terrestrial mammals of Spain. kingdom Animalia This dataset provides reliable, standardized records of terrestrial mammals across Spain, supporting species distribution assessment, conservation planning, and ecological research. Data were collected using complementary methods—including camera traps, track and sign surveys, and pellet analysis—across diverse habitats and bioclimatic zones. All records are georeferenced, expert-validated, and include detailed metadata on survey effort and design, enabling reuse for large-scale biodiversity analyses. All data presented in this dataset were generated through primary field surveys carried out within the project “Mejora del conocimiento del estado de conservación de la fauna terrestre continental de España (especies autóctonas y exóticas invasoras): Informes sexenales del artículo 17 (Directiva Hábitats) y del artículo 24 (Especies Invasoras), y actualización de atlas y libros rojos”, commissioned by the Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO), implemented by TRAGSATEC, and funded by the European Union (NextGenerationEU). Additionally, part of the data from Catalonia was provided through the contribution of the Catalan Mammal Atlas to the Spanish Mammal Atlas.Also thank all the volunteers and professionals who took part in collecting the field data. annually Eduardo José Rodríguez-Rodríguez Sociedad Ibérica para la Conservación y estudio de los Mamíferos

Sevilla Sevilla 41010 ES

momat@secem.es 0000-0002-1170-0788 Track and sign surveys were conducted to detect mammal presence through indirect evidence such as footprints, faeces, burrows and feeding remains. For each UTM 10 × 10 km grid cell, a list of potentially detectable species was established based on species biology, known or nearby historical occurrences, and the reliability of species identification from field signs. Two types of itineraries were conducted: • Terrestrial itineraries: At least one transect of a minimum length of 1 km per grid cell. • Aquatic itineraries: Transects of 600 m along rivers, streams, or other aquatic habitats to detect species closely associated with water bodies. All itineraries were actively searched for signs of the target species. Survey routes, effort (length and duration) and associated evidence were recorded. Spain Track and sign surveys were used to detect mammals through indirect evidence such as footprints, faeces, burrows, and feeding remains. For each 10 × 10 km UTM grid cell, a list of potentially detectable species was defined based on species biology, known or nearby records, and the reliability of identification from field signs. Two survey types were carried out: terrestrial transects of at least 1 km per cell, and 600 m aquatic transects along water bodies for water-associated species. All routes were actively searched, and survey effort and evidence were recorded. Data collection was carried out using the Observation.org platform and validated by the SECEM expert validation network. Eduardo José Rodríguez-Rodríguez 0000-0002-1170-0788 author Jacinto Román author Javier Palomo author Carlos Rouco author Simone Santoro author Javier Fernández author Juan Matutano author María Mas author Javier Calzada State and EU regulations require Member States to monitor, track, and assess various species of terrestrial mammals. Periodically, it is necessary to update reports and Red Lists, which are essential for defining appropriate management measures to protect and promote biodiversity in our country. In this context, the project developed by SECEM together with TRAGSATEC (2024–2025) was launched, in which a Terrestrial Mammal Monitoring plan (MOMAT) was designed. Its objective is to gather information on most mammal species that currently lack specific monitoring programs. At present, the MOMAT project operates thanks to volunteer participation. The data collected help improve knowledge about the species included both in the annexes of the Habitats Directive and in the EU Regulation on invasive alien species. All the information generated will contribute to future updates of the Atlas and Red Book of Terrestrial Mammals of Spain, facilitating a better understanding of our fauna and supporting more effective decision-making in conservation. All data presented in this paper were generated through primary field surveys carried out within the project “Mejora del conocimiento del estado de conservación de la fauna terrestre continental de España (especies autóctonas y exóticas invasoras): Informes sexenales del artículo 17 (Directiva Hábitats) y del artículo 24 (Especies Invasoras), y actualización de atlas y libros rojos”, commissioned by the Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO), implemented by TRAGSATEC, and funded by the European Union (NextGenerationEU). This is the first batch of data. The project is ongoing, maintained by SECEM, and will be updated in the coming years. The study area encompasses the entire Spanish territory, including the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla. This region spans a wide range of bioclimatic zones, from Atlantic and Alpine in the north, to Mediterranean and semi-arid regions in the south and southeast, as well as Macaronesian climates in the Canary Islands. Elevation ranges from sea level to over 3,400 m in the Pyrenees and Sierra Nevada, resulting in steep climatic and habitat gradients. The landscape is highly heterogeneous, comprising forests (deciduous, coniferous, and mixed), shrublands, grasslands, wetlands, rivers and streams, coastal areas, agricultural lands, and urbanized zones. Such environmental diversity supports a broad spectrum of terrestrial and semi-aquatic mammal species with varying ecological requirements and detectability, making standardized and complementary survey methods essential for comprehensive monitoring. Track and sign surveys were conducted to detect mammal presence through indirect evidence such as footprints, faeces, burrows and feeding remains. For each UTM 10 × 10 km grid cell, a list of potentially detectable species was established based on species biology, known or nearby historical occurrences, and the reliability of species identification from field signs. Two types of itineraries were conducted: • Terrestrial itineraries: At least one transect of a minimum length of 1 km per grid cell. • Aquatic itineraries: Transects of 600 m along rivers, streams, or other aquatic habitats to detect species closely associated with water bodies. All itineraries were actively searched for signs of the target species. Survey routes, effort (length and duration) and associated evidence were recorded. Data collection was carried out using the Observation.org platform and validated by the SECEM expert validation network. 2026-02-11T13:39:22.106+01:00 dataset Rodríguez-Rodríguez E J, Matutano J, Calzada J, Fernández-López J, Mas M, Palomo J, Rouco C, Santoro S, Román J (2026). Mammals – Transect Sign Surveys – Spain – 2022–2025 – MOMAT Project. Version 2.0. Sociedad Ibérica para la Conservación y Estudio de los Mamíferos (SECEM). Occurrence dataset. https://doi.org/10.15470/aznvgz https://ipt.gbif.es/logo.do?r=spanish_mammal_sign_surveys_momat https://ipt.gbif.es/resource?id=spanish_mammal_sign_surveys_momat/v2.xml