7ac0504d-0230-4029-afbe-04657ae47c48 doi:10.15468/2a7kqy https://ipt.gbif.es/resource?r=gda-fungi-tipos Catalogue of type specimens of fungi and lichens deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Granada (Spain) M. Teresa Vizoso Herbarium of University of Granada Herbarium and research support technician
C/ Rector López Argüeta, 8 Granada Granada 18071 ES
+34 958 246329 mariate@ugr.es http://herbarium.ugr.es
M. Teresa Vizoso Herbarium of University of Granada Herbarium and research support technician
C/ Rector López Argüeta, 8 Granada Granada 18071 ES
+34 958 246329 mariate@ugr.es http://herbarium.ugr.es
M.Teresa Vizoso Herbarium of University of Granada Herbarium and research support technician
C/ Rector López Argüeta, 8 Granada Granada 18071 ES
+34 958 246329 mariate@ugr.es http://herbarium.ugr.es/ author
Carmen Quesada Herbarium of University of Granada Curator
C/ Rector López Argüeta, 8 Granada Granada 18071 ES
+34 958 241551 cquesada@ugr.es http://herbarium.ugr.es/ curator
GDA Herbarium of University of Granada University of Granada Service
C/ Rector López Argüeta, 8 Granada Granada 18071 ES
+34 958 246329 herbario@ugr.es http://herbarium.ugr.es/ owner
2021-12-17 spa This dataset contains the specimen records from the catalogue of the nomenclature types of fungi and lichens in the Herbarium of the University of Granada, Spain. These herbarium specimens are included in the GDA and GDAC collections, acronyms from Index Herbariorum (Thiers 2014). A catalogue of types from the Herbarium of the University of Granada has not previously been compiled. As a result, a search of these collections to get digital images to preserve and publish them yielded a large number of previously unrecognized types. At this time, the type collection of fungi and lichens at the Herbarium of the University of Granada contains 146 type material of 72 nominal taxa, most from Agaricales and the genus Cortinarius, described from the western Mediterranean, mainly Spain, by the following authors: V.Antonin, J.Ballará, A.Bidaud, G.F.Bills, M.Bon, C.Cano, M.Casares, G.Chevassut, M.Contu, F.Esteve.Raventós, R.Galán, L.Guzmán-Dávalos, R.Henry, E.Horak, R.Mahiques, G.Malençon, P.Moënne-Loccoz, G.Moreno, A.Ortega, F.Palazón, V.N.Suárez.-Santiago, A.Vêzda, J.Vila, and M.Villareal. For each specimen, the locality indication, species name, observation date, collector, type status, related information, associated sequences, other catalogue numbers related to each type, and image URL are recorded. The dataset is associated with an image collection named “Colección de imágenes de los tipos nomenclaturales de hongos, líquenes, musgos y algas incluidos en el Herbario de la Universidad de Granada (GDA y GDAC)” (Vizoso and Quesada 2013) which is hosted and accessible at the GBIF.ES Hosting and Publishing Service “Biodiversity Image Portal of Spanish collections” and is also available at the Herbarium of University of Granada institutional web (Vizoso 2014a) (http://herbarium.ugr.es/pages/imagenes/tipos-nomenclaturales/tipos_hongos). That image collection contains 117 images of which 59 correspond to the nomenclature types of 52 taxa (50 fungi, 2 lichens), the rest of the images in this collection correspond to documents and specimens or microscopy photographs which are included in the herbarium specimens of fungi. These complement and document the process of the typification. Occurrence GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml nomenclature GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/resource_type/nomenclature typematerial GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/descriptionType/typematerial herbarium colletion n/a image colletion n/a western Mediterranean n/a Fungi n/a Mycology n/a GDA Index Herbariorum: The Herbaria of the World. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ GDAC Index Herbariorum: The Herbaria of the World. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ Occurrence GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml We wish to express our appreciation to Dr A. Ortega (1954-2014) and to Dr M. Casares (Botany Department researchers at the University of Granada) by the assistance provided to access publications of the species described by them and for their help in the interpretation of some type specimens. We also thank Katia Cezón her help in validating and publishing this resource. To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all rights to these data and has dedicated them to the Public Domain (CC0 1.0). Users may copy, modify, distribute and use the work, including for commercial purposes, without restriction. http://herbarium.ugr.es/pages/imagenes/tipos-nomenclaturales/tipos_hongos In general, the distribution of the taxa of this catalogue is the western Mediterranean region. Most of the taxa are from the Iberian Peninsula (121 types records from 53 taxa) as shown in Figure 3, smaller numbers from France (13 types from 12 taxa) and Italy (9 records from 4 taxa) and a single taxon from Morocco, and another one from Mexico. Outside this general geographic distribution, there is a single taxon from Czechoslovakia with 2 records. All these type specimens from outside of Spain were gifts or exchanges from the private herbaria of Dr Ortegas French and Italian colleagues (G.Chevassut, M.Bon, P.Möenne-Loccoz, and M.Contu). Additionally, type specimens from northern and eastern Spain come from collaboration between Dr Ortega and some researchers such as J. Vila and R. Mahiques from the Societat Catalana de Micologia and Societat Micologica Valenciana, respectively. Most of the records from Spain are from Andalusia (types of 31 taxa from 50 in Spain) and within this region the greatest portion corresponds to the provinces of Granada (19 taxa), Malaga (3), Seville (3), Cádiz (2), Cordoba (1), and Almeria (2), as shown in the Figure 3. -6.51 15.45 50.7 33.4 1914-04-01 2011-05-03 The main taxonomic coverage of this dataset corresponds to Basidiomycota, which constitutes 79% of the taxa, followed by Glomeromycota (12.5%) and a minor record of Ascomycota (8.5%). Agaricales is the most represented order (64%) and, within this order, specimens of the genus Cortinarius dominate the collection (60%). Fungal diversity in the Mediterranean basin is high. Populations of taxa differing morphologically with respect to their northern vicariants are frequent. Consequently, many taxonomic proposals have been made in order to explain Mediterranean fungal variability, which is common in the case of the genus Cortinarius (Ortega et al. 2008). This is the result of both its overall diversity and the special interest in this genus of the late Dr Antonio Ortega, the main collector and researcher in the fungus collection. As shown in the Figure 1, Cortinarius is the genus with a greater number of nomenclatural types. Note: the terms used to complete the type status reference for this dataset are from the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al. 2012) and Hawksworth (2010) for the obsolete terms which are not included in the current Code. Index Fungorum has been used to verify the currently accepted names. Figure 2 shows the range of the different type status of the catalogue. The highest number of records are paratypes (51) followed by holotypes (25), isotypes (52), clastotypes (13 fragments from holotypes, one from isotype , and one from neotype), and a single neotype, epitype and topotype. Of the 72 taxa, 49 are accepted in their original position (marked by an asterisk* in the taxonomic ranks) and six had already been combined into other genera: Trichophaea boudieri Grelet to Paratrichophaea, Sarcodon mediterraneus A.Ortega & Contu to Beenakia, Rugosomyces pudicus Bon & Contu to Calocybe, Glomus custos C. Cano & Dalpé to Rhizophagus, Entrophospora nevadensis Palenz., N. Ferrol, Azcón-Aguilar & Oehl to Tricispora and Bacidia subtilis Vêzda to Fellhanera. Four proved to be a synonym of a previously described species (Cortinarius haasii var. quercus-ilicicola A.Ortega, Suár.-Sant. & J.D.Reyes of Cortinarius callochrous (Pers.) Gray; Cortinarius petroselineus var. conicopurpuratus Chevassut & Rob. Henry, Cortinarius petroselineus var. cedriphilus Chevassut & Rob. Henry, and Cortinarius petroselineus var. radicipes Chevassut & Rob. Henry of Cortinarius erythrinus (Fr.) Fr.), two have been combined into a supraspecific rank (Cortinarius olivaceodionysae A. Ortega, Vila & Fern.-Brime, Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes (Malençon & Bertault) A.Ortega, Antonín & Esteve-Rav.), and the rest (12) have not been accepted into the proposed infraspecific rank (variety and one form): Conocybe arrhenii var. squamosipes A.Ortega & Esteve-Rav., Cortinarius assiduus var. plesiocistus A.Ortega, Vila & Bidaud, Cortinarius caesiostramineus var. cadinanos-aguirrei Moënne-Locc. & A.Ortega, Cortinarius caerulescens var. praetermissus (Bergeron ex Reumaux) A.Ortega & Moënne-Locc., Cortinarius dionysae var. avellanus Rob. Henry ex Bidaud & Carteret, Cortinarius scobinaceus var. volvatus Torrejón, Cortinarius vernus var. nevadavernus Suár.-Sant. & A.Ortega, Entoloma griseocyaneum var. glyociosmus Esteve-Rav. & A.Ortega, Hydropus floccipes var. luteipes A.Ortega & M.Zea, Marasmiellus virgatocutis var. parvisporus Esteve-Rav. & A.Ortega, Baeospora myosura f. xeruloides A.Ortega & Esteve-Rav. kingdom Fungi phylum Basidiomycota phylum Ascomycota phylum Glomeromycota order Agaricales order Aphyllophorales order Dothideales order Glomerales order Lecanorales order Pezizales genus Bacidia genus Baeospora genus Bolbitius genus Conocybe genus Coprinus genus Cortinarius genus Entoloma genus Glomus genus Gymnopilus genus Gymnopus genus Hydropus genus Kabatiella genus Lecidea genus Marasmiellus genus Mycena genus Naucoria genus Rugosomyces genus Sarcodon genus Trichophaea species Bacidia subtilis Vêzda form Baeospora myosura f. xeruloides A.Ortega & Esteve-Rav. species *Bolbitius elegans E.Horak, G.Moreno, A.Ortega & Esteve-Rav. variety Conocybe arrhenii var. squamosipes A.Ortega & Esteve-Rav. species *Coprinus alcobae A.Ortega species *Cortinarius acutopholiotoides Palazón & Mahiques species *Cortinarius assiduus Mahiques, A.Ortega & Bidaud variety Cortinarius assiduus var. plesiocistus A.Ortega, Vila & Bidaud species *Cortinarius aureocistophilus Vila, Contu & Llimona species *Cortinarius ayanamii A.Ortega, Vila, Bidaud & Llimona species *Cortinarius benovairensis Mahiques species *Cortinarius bombycinus Mahiques & Burguete variety Cortinarius caerulescens var. praetermissus (Bergeron ex Reumaux) A.Ortega & Moënne-Locc. variety Cortinarius caesiostramineus var. cadinanos-aguirrei Moënne-Locc. & A.Ortega species *Cortinarius castaneoduracinus Chevassut & Rob.Henry species *Cortinarius castaneolens Chevassut & Rob.Henry species *Cortinarius cistohelvelloides Bon species *Cortinarius cistovelatus Vila, A.Ortega & Bidaud species *Cortinarius conico-obtusarum A.Ortega & Chevassut species *Cortinarius contui Rob.Henry & Contu variety *Cortinarius croceocaeruleus var. meridionalis Bidaud, A.Ortega & Mahiques species *Cortinarius crustulinus Malençon species *Cortinarius decipiens (Pers.) Fr. species *Cortinarius diabolicoides Moënne-Locc. & Reumaux species *Cortinarius erythrofuscus Mahiques & A.Ortega variety Cortinarius haasii var. quercus-ilicicola A. Ortega, Suár.-Sant. & J.D. Reyes species *Cortinarius inusitatus A.Ortega, Bidaud, Suár.-Sant. & Vila species *Cortinarius mahiquesii Vila, A.Ortega & Suár.-Sant. species *Cortinarius murellensis Cors. Gut., Ballarà, Cadiñanos, Palazón & Mahiques species *Cortinarius ortovernus Ballará & Mahiques variety Cortinarius vernus var. nevadavernus Suár.-Sant. & A.Ortega species *Cortinarius viscidoamarus A.Ortega & Suár.-Sant. species *Cortinarius xanthosarx Vila, A.Ortega & Bidaud species *Cortinarius xerophilus Contu & Rob.Henry variety Entoloma griseocyaneum var. glyociosmus Esteve-Rav. & A.Ortega species Glomus custos C. Cano & Dalpé species *Gymnopilus arenophilus A. Ortega & Esteve Rav. species *Gymnopilus maritimus Contu, Guzm.-Dáv., A.Ortega & Vizzini variety Gymnopus dryophilus var. lanipes (Malençon & Bertault) A.Ortega, Antonín & Esteve-Rav. species *Gymnopus pubipes Antonín, A. Ortega & Esteve-Rav. variety Hydropus floccipes var. luteipes A.Ortega & M.Zea species *Kabatiella bupleuri Bills species *Lecidea circinarioides Casares & Hafellner variety Marasmiellus virgatocutis var. parvisporus Esteve-Rav. & A.Ortega species *Mycena dunicola M. Villarreal, Esteve-Rav., Barrasa & A.Ortega species *Naucoria decolorata Malençon ex R.Galán, G.Moreno & A.Ortega species Rugosomyces pudicus Bon & Contu species Sarcodon mediterraneus A.Ortega & Contu variety *Trichophaea fuscoatra var. punctata Malençon order Archaeosporales order Diversisporales genus Acaulospora genus Ambispora genus Diversispora genus Entrophospora genus Septoglomus species *Cortinarius cistoglaucopus A.Ortega, Vila, J.C.Campos & Fdez.-Brime species *Cortinarius mediterraneensis A.Ortega & Vila species *Cortinarius palazonianus Vila, A. Ortega & Fdez.-Brime species *Acaulospora pustulata Palenz., Oehl, Azcón-Aguilar & G.A. Silva species *Acaulospora tortuosa Palenz., Oehl, Azcón-Aguilar & G.A. Silva species *Acaulospora viridis Palenz., Oehl, Azcón-Aguilar & G.A.Silva species *Ambispora granatensis Palenz., N. Ferrol & Oehl species *Diversispora clara Oehl, B. Estrada, G.A. Silva & Palenz. species Entrophospora nevadensis Palenz., N. Ferrol, Azcón-Aguilar & Oehl species *Otospora bareae Palenz., N. Ferrol & Oehl species *Cortinarius amarocaerulescens Bidaud variety Cortinarius petroselineus var. radicipes Chevassut & Rob. Henry variety Cortinarius petroselineus var. cedriphilus Chevassut & Rob. Henry variety Cortinarius petroselineus var. conicopurpuratus Chevassut & Rob. Henry species Cortinarius urdaibaiensis Fernández Sas. species Cortinarius gallurae D. Antonini, M. Antonini & Consiglio form Cortinarius dionysae f. olivaceus Rob. Henry ex Bidaud & Carteret variety Cortinarius dionysae var. avellanus Rob. Henry ex Bidaud & Carteret variety Cortinarius scobinaceus var. volvatus Torrejón species *Cortinarius erythrocitriolens Mahiques & Ballarà species Trichophaea boudieri Grélet species *Acarospora brouardii B. de Lesd. genus Acarospora The Herbarium of the University of Granada combines two general collections: GDA and GDAC (Thiers 2014). The GDA used to be the herbarium of the Pharmacy Faculty, which was created in 1852. In 1970, GDAC was created in the Science Faculty. In 2000, both herbaria were moved to the same place, forming the current Herbarium of the University of Granada. The GDAC collection was closed in 2000 with a total of 45,000 records. New materials are continuously added to the collection and registered with the GDA acronym. Currently, the GDA Herbarium has become an essential reference for studies of the flora of southeastern Spain. Both collections, the GDA and GDAC, include specimens of vascular plants and cryptogams. Vascular plants amount to 87% of the whole collection (including a 3% of pteridophytes) and cryptogams 13% (9% in the GDAC and 4% in the GDA). Over 50% of all vascular-plant specimens are in the GDA collection, which continues to grow, and the rest belongs to the GDAC. Conversely, over 69% of all cryptogams come from the GDAC. Within this group, the fungus (51%), lichen (25%, completely within the GDA) and moss (18%) collections have special significance. The remaining specimens correspond to algae and liverworts. Geographically, the country with the most specimens is Spain (94%), followed by Morocco (3.5%) and Portugal (1.5%). Within Spain, the largest portion is from Andalusia (82%) which in turn includes samples from Granada (68%), Almería (11%), Jaén (7%), Málaga (6%), and other Andalusian provinces, confirming the value of our Herbarium as a reference for studying the flora from eastern Andalusia. Since the unification of the GDA and GDAC collections, many tasks have been accomplished. These include a complete review of all materials, recovery and incorporation of unregistered materials, updating curatorial methods and, even more important, the computerization of the entire collection. More recently, the Herbarium of the University of Granada has developed several projects to digitalize images of high-priority specimens in order to preserve them and make them available on Internet. As a result of the reviewing process, many types that had not previously been compiled were detected. In addition, the catalogues of type specimens of different groups of the Herbarium of the University of Granada have been compiled, published, and made accessible on Internet through the “Biodiversity Image Portal of Spanish collections” at the GBIF.ES Hosting and Publishing Service and at the Herbarium of the University of Granada institutional web. The catalogue of type specimens of fungi and lichens has been one of the first published on the GBIF.es Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT). This dataset is the most important part of the image collection “Colección de imágenes de los tipos nomenclaturales de hongos, líquenes, musgos y algas incluidos en el Herbario de la Universidad de Granada (GDA y GDAC)” (Vizoso and Quesada 2013) published in GBIF.ES and “Tipos nomenclaturales de hongos” (Vizoso 2014a) and “Tipos nomenclaturales de líquenes” (Vizoso 2014b) available on the Herbarium of University of Granada institutional web site. The frequency of maintenance of this resource is timely, whenever new additions occur to the Catalogue of type specimens of fungi. daily Carmen Quesada Herbarium of University of Granada Curator
C/ Rector López Argüeta, 8 Granada Granada 18071 ES
+34 958 241551 cquesada@ugr.es http://herbarium.ugr.es
First of all, a query was made to each of the two herbarium databases on nomenclatural types of the fungus and lichen collections. The first database (fungi) is managed with the BIOMEN software application (Delgado et al. 2005), and the second with HERBAR (Pando et al. 1994-2010). Thus the results of the queries were compared with the label information for the type specimens in the Herbarium collection. Three kinds of errors were detected and corrected: first, typographical errors; second, records that described as types samples that were not really types; and third, omissions in the database, i.e. types that should have been recorded as such. Publications on the description of new species made by Dr Ortega and Dr Casares, the main collectors and researchers of these collections, were reviewed. After this review, 5 holotypes, 6 isotypes, 1 neotype, 1 epitype, 9 clastotype, and 35 paratypes that were not recorded as types nor had the appropriate physical curation treatment were detected. After the database update with the inclusion of new types obtained from reviewed publications and data cleaning, the collection corresponding to this dataset was obtained by consulting the database again. Data resulting from this query were manually migrated to DarwinCore format. Then, the resulting DarwinCore records were completed by adding the ImageURL and TypeStatus fields, after which it was validated with the DarwinTest tool (Ortega-Maqueda and Pando 2008). Finally the DarwinCore Archive was generated to incorporate the metadata in this file and published it on the GBIF.es Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT). In an effort to fill out the ImageURL field in the step described above, the following steps were taken: after obtaining the catalogue of types of fungi and lichens, all specimens were checked for appropriate physical curation treatment (placed in a type cover, by convention red, to indicate the presence of type specimens and to ensure better protection). Then, digital images of the nomenclatural type and documents included with each specimen were prepared. A Hewlett Packard Scan Jet 5300C model with a resolution of 600 dpi for specimens and 150 dpi for documents was used. After the metadata for each image was included, the corresponding tiled/pyramid TIFF was generated and uploaded at the GBIF.ES “Biodiversity Image Portal of Spanish collections” Hosting and Publishing Service. This collection is available both at “Colección de imágenes de los tipos nomenclaturales de hongos, líquenes, musgos y algas incluidos en el Herbario de la Universidad de Granada (GDA y GDAC)” (http://www.gbif.es/Imagenes.php#GDA-TIPOS-CRIPTO) and also at the Herbarium of University of Granada institutional web (http://herbarium.ugr.es/pages/imagenes/tipos-nomenclaturales/tipos_hongos). This study includes fungus and a lichen collections. The fungus collection of the herbarium comes from two herbaria, one of which originated at the Pharmacy Faculty (GDA) and the other at the Science Faculty (GDAC). In the year 2000, the two herbaria were joined. The Herbarium of the University of Granada (GDA) maintains both sections and, although both collections retain their individuality, new materials are added only to the GDA collection. Currently, the overall fungus collection comprises 7286 specimens derived mostly from research conducted by Dr Antonio Ortega. Some 97% of the specimens come from Spain, followed by just under 2% that correspond mostly to exsiccate Uredineen Sydow (1874-1889) of a collection of Uredinales, Ustilaginales, and Erysiphales, most from Germany and a small portion from other countries such as Hungary, Austria, and Sweden. There is also a small number from Portugal and other Mediterranean countries such as France and Italy as well as minor samples from northern Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. The lichen collection has 3300 specimens and comes only from the herbarium of the Pharmacy Faculty (GDA). This collection started in 1980 with materials that came out of the research of Dr Manuel Casares and is subsequently enriched with exsiccate exchange with other institutions. Of this collection, 93% comes from Spain, 75% of which were collected in the south-eastern provinces of Granada, Alicante, Almeria, and Jaen. Other well-represented areas include the south-western provinces of Huelva and Cadiz, central provinces of Madrid, Salamanca, and the north-eastern provinces of Tarragona and Zaragoza. We also found a small representation from Morocco (3.3%) and the rest from Austria, Brazil, Georgia, and the Czech Republic. The fungus collection has been fully computerized and approximately 50% of the lichen collection has also been. Therefore, developing a complete catalogue involved three kinds of type specimens, namely those that: 1) already have a record in the databases; 2) specimens not recorded as a type in the databases but have been identified as such in the collection; and 3) type specimens not recorded in the databases nor identified or treated as such in the collection. For the first kind, quality control was carried out (see next section). For the second kind of type specimens, the literature from the two main researchers and collectors was reviewed. This led to the identification of type specimens that were not included in the databases and were either identified as such in the collection (case 2) or had not been identified as such (case 3). The review of the literature of these authors provided new data to both the collection and the associated databases. All type specimens are now registered in the GDA-GDAC Fungus and Lichen collections and in some cases another number from other herbaria has been included in RelatedInformation or OtherCatalogNumber fields from DarwinCore standard. This information was provided by gifts and duplicate materials from AH, F, CFB herbaria (Index Herbariorum) and personal herbaria of M. Bon (M.B.) and G. Chevassut (Chev.). The consistency of data on type-specimen records was verified by comparisons with the information in original publications of the corresponding new species. When some information items such as geographical coordinates, altitude, and identifiers of genetic sequence associated data had not been included in the herbarium database and these data were available in the protologue, they were included in this dataset. The consigned data refer to the original identification for which the nomenclatural type from the taxon name was given. When the nomenclatural type was not recorded as such in the herbarium but was found after searching and reviewing the relevant literature, a revision tag was included in the specimen record. This tag specifies the type status, name, and site where it was validly published and the author who documented it. These data have also been computerized. DARWIN TEST (Ortega-Maqueda and Pando 2008) is the software application used to validate and check records from tables in a DARWINCORE format before exporting database to a Darwin Core Archive file. DARWIN TEST has been used to check scientific names against the Scientific_Names table from Species 2000, to convert coordinates from UTM to decimal degrees which are used in the Darwincore format and to detect anomalous ASCII characters. Once checked and corrected, these records were exported as a Darwin Core Archive file which was uploaded to the IPT (Integrated Publishing Toolkit) hosted by GBIF.ES (http://www.gbif.es/). The metadata from the dataset have been completed directly in the IPT. Towards a digital image collection of the Herbarium of the University of Granada M.Teresa Vizoso author The Herbarium of the University of Granada is part of the research group called “The Herbarium of the University of Granada as a Source for Taxonomic, Environmental and Biodiversity Studies” (group code: 288RNM) which is one the Research and Technological Development groups from Regional Government of Andalusia (Junta de Andalucía), Spain. The funds were provided by the Technical Support Program, under the Scientific-Technological Infrastructure modality of the Ministry of Science and Innovation and the University of Granada. The project was developed from February 2010 to July 2013. The application of new technologies in the field of natural-history collections is enabling herbaria not only to manage their collections more effectively but also to provide access to a large volume of biodiversity information through computerization and the creation of a specimen database. After this step, databases can enrich their contents by digitizing images associated with high-priority specimens such as nomenclatural types. This represents a major advance in the preservation of sensitive materials. For example, the risk of damage involved in consulting and sending sensitive material is minimized. It is also vital in terms of enhancing information and reaching out to wider audiences at multiple levels. Since, at the database level, database records can have links to the associated image (Häuser et al. 2005). At a more general level, institutional, national (e.g. GBIF.es) or global (e.g., Encyclopedia of Life) species catalogues can integrate this information with their own and provide it to multiple audiences. In this project, the GDA Herbarium has sought to respond mainly to the increasing demand for the use of the images in order to preserve sensitive materials. The herbarium started to generate digital images of three of its most sensitive collections: nomenclatural types, the historical collection of Amo y Mora (1852) (the oldest collection of this herbarium) and other digital images of sheets from 200 Andalusian singular taxa that illustrated the "Singular Flora from Andalusia" species portal, also developed by the herbarium. The techniques that allow the incorporation, operation, and management of new digital-image collections, as well as those which facilitate its accessibility via Internet have also been implemented. The main objective was to ensure the preservation of sensitive materials of the University of Granada Herbarium by implementing high-quality curatorial standards as well as to generate, manage, and disseminate the associated data in digital formats. This was achieved by: • Creating and making available on Internet an image collection of singular taxa from Andalusia that meets the needs of researchers, managers, and the general public. • Obtaining a detailed report on the number, location, and treatment of nomenclatural types in the University of Granada Herbarium in order to perform a database cleaning process and to complete the curatorial management of these sensitive materials. • Compiling a collection of electronic publications (protologues) that support the study of nomenclatural types and improves accessibility and service that the University of Granada Herbarium offers to researchers. • Ensuring the preservation of the historic collection of Amo y Mora (1852) by fully digitizing it and publishing it online.
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Covington, Lousiana. 23 pp. http://www.gbif.es/ipt/logo.do?r=gda-fungi-tipos GDA-GDAC 9b8b659f-8470-4445-926c-8b3f2bc32415 Fungi dried specimens 146 species 72 genera 26 order 9 7ac0504d-0230-4029-afbe-04657ae47c48/v2.1.xml